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Fabrication of Co doped or un-doped ZnO/ Al on glass substrate for sensor Applications 传感器用玻璃基板上Co掺杂或未掺杂ZnO/ Al的制备
Harapriya Nayak, S. Kamilla
In this work, the different transition metals doped zinc oxide (ZnO) on aluminium (Al) film coated on glass substrate (i.e., ZnO/ Ai)were fabricated for device purposes. Initially, Al thin film on glass substrates was prepared by thermal evaporation technique by taking high purity aluminium metal. To get the desired growth of film, the prepared samples have been doped with the un-doped & Co-doped solution with the help of a modified version of dip-coating that is, chemically wet & dry (CWD) technique which can simultaneously & indeed control the immersion, uplift speed, drying inside and as well as the thermal annealing. The prepared samples were carried out by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis for confirmation for crystallization. All samples are polycrystalline nature of Codoped and un-doped ZnO/AI were indicated by the XRD analysis. There were some shifting of peaks obtained in comparison to the reported data which implies that some percentages of Co diffuse into the ZnO matrix as both are similar size. The taken samples show the Ohmic contact nature as it is characterized by current-voltage (I- V) study. This Ohmic nature behaviour of contact between ZnO and Al at interface, can be used in sensing applications at low potential value. This prepared sample can be used as a very good low-cost electrochemical sensing material.
在这项工作中,制备了不同的过渡金属掺杂氧化锌(ZnO)在涂覆在玻璃基板上的铝(Al)薄膜上(即ZnO/ Ai),用于器件目的。最初,采用热蒸发技术以高纯铝为原料,在玻璃基板上制备了铝薄膜。为了获得所需的薄膜生长,在所制备的样品中掺杂未掺杂和共掺杂溶液,并借助一种改进版的浸渍涂层,即化学干湿(CWD)技术,该技术可以同时控制浸渍,提升速度,内部干燥以及热退火。对制备的样品进行了x射线衍射(XRD)分析,以确认其结晶性。XRD分析表明,ZnO/AI共掺杂和未掺杂样品均为多晶。与报道的数据相比,得到了一些峰的移动,这意味着Co的一些百分比扩散到ZnO基体中,因为两者的尺寸相似。所采集的样品显示欧姆接触性质,因为它是由电流-电压(I- V)研究表征的。这种ZnO和Al在界面处接触的欧姆性质行为可用于低电位值的传感应用。所制备的样品可以作为一种很好的低成本电化学传感材料。
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引用次数: 0
Optimum Transmission Power for Diversity Based Receiving System in Wireless Sensor Network with Nakagami Fading 具有中上衰落的无线传感器网络分集接收系统的最优发射功率
M. Das, B. Sahu
The sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) usually perform their assigned jobs with the help of a limited power supply (i.e. battery power). The lifetime of a sensor node is directly proportional to battery power. It is required to restrict the unnecessary consumption of power which is mostly associated with the transmission of a signal. In this paper, we compute the minimum power required to make a successful data transmission (referred to as optimum transmission power) so that the BER (Bit Error Rate) concerning the received signal at the destination node must satisfy the threshold level. Further, to improve the SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) we consider the most commonly used MRC (Maximal Ratio Combiner) diversity based receiving system as a part of node architecture. To characterize the multipath fading scenario the generalized Nakagami channel is used for deriving the required mathematical expressions.
无线传感器网络(WSN)中的传感器节点通常在有限的电源(即电池电源)的帮助下执行分配的工作。传感器节点的寿命与电池电量成正比。这是为了限制主要与信号传输有关的不必要的功率消耗。在本文中,我们计算了成功传输数据所需的最小功率(称为最佳传输功率),使目标节点接收信号的误码率(BER)必须满足阈值水平。此外,为了提高信噪比(SNR),我们考虑了最常用的基于MRC(最大比组合器)分集的接收系统作为节点架构的一部分。为了描述多径衰落场景,采用广义中川信道推导了所需的数学表达式。
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引用次数: 0
Real-time implementation of the MPPT algorithm based on fuzzy logic for solar PV system 基于模糊逻辑的太阳能光伏系统MPPT算法的实时实现
Debabrata Routray, P. Rout, B. K. Sahu
This paper presents an intelligent approach based on the fuzzy logic concept, to optimally find out the maximum power point (MPP) to extract maximum power from a photovoltaic (PV) array. The fuzzy logic-based MPP tracking (MPPT) is tested and analyzed through MATLAB/Simulink and hardware-based PV modules. To justify the feasibility of realtime application of the approach, a hardware setup is built using Arduino mega 2560 embedded board, MinGW-w64 simulator, and Simulink support package for Arduino Hardware in MATLAB/Simulink 2020. To execute the real-time conditions, both the temperature (T) and irradiance (G) variations are considered in different test cases. The results indicate the high efficacy and feasibility of the approach for real-time application.
本文提出了一种基于模糊逻辑概念的智能方法,以最优地找出光伏阵列的最大功率点,从而从光伏阵列中提取最大功率。通过MATLAB/Simulink和基于硬件的光伏模块,对基于模糊逻辑的MPP跟踪(MPPT)进行了测试和分析。为了验证该方法实时应用的可行性,在MATLAB/Simulink 2020中使用Arduino mega 2560嵌入式板,MinGW-w64模拟器和Arduino硬件的Simulink支持包构建了硬件设置。为了执行实时条件,在不同的测试用例中考虑了温度(T)和辐照度(G)的变化。结果表明,该方法具有较高的实时性和可行性。
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引用次数: 1
Tunable Q-Wavelet Transform Based Entropy Measurement to Detect and Classify Faults in CERTS Microgrid Test Bed 基于可调q -小波变换的CERTS微网试验台故障检测与分类
S. Joga, P. Sinha, M. K. Maharana, C. Jena
Microgrid is the distribution grid that consists of local loads and load generation. Faults are the abnormal phenomenon that occurs in the Microgrid. Most CERTS Microgrid Test Bed consists of a well-equipped protection system. These Protection Schemes need an accurate, reliable and fast algorithm to detect the faults. Fast detection of faults protects grid and surroundings from damage. In this Paper Tunable Q-Wavelet Transform based entropy measurement algorithm is proposed to detect and classify the faults occur in CERTS Microgrid test bed. It is also tested on real time CERTS Microgrid based “Santa Rita Jail Microgrid” for validating the proposed algorithm. All the Simulation work are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink.
微电网是由本地负荷和负荷发电组成的配电网。故障是微电网中出现的异常现象。大多数CERTS微电网试验台都有一个装备精良的保护系统。这些保护方案需要一种准确、可靠、快速的故障检测算法。快速检测故障,保护电网和周围环境免受损害。本文提出了一种基于可调q -小波变换的熵测量算法,用于CERTS微电网试验台故障的检测与分类。并在基于实时CERTS微电网的“Santa Rita Jail微电网”上进行了测试,验证了算法的有效性。所有仿真工作均在MATLAB/Simulink中完成。
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引用次数: 1
SOS Algorithm based TID controller of AGC of interconnected Power system 基于SOS算法的互联电网AGC TID控制器
Jugajyoti Sahu, A. Naik, P. Mohanty, B. K. Sahu
This paper introduces the application of TID controller to solve the AGC issues. The gain parameters are optimized by SOS algorithm. A two-area power system with multi-source (Hydro, Thermal and Gas) generating units consisting GDB and GRC are taken in the system. The performance of proposed model is compared in between SOS optimized and the PFA optimized controller gain parameters. ITAE has taken as an objective function for solving the issues. Step load disturbances of 1 % (0.01 pu) is given in area-1. The roboustness analysis are done for investigation of effectiveness of SOS approached TID controllers against PFA optimized controller.
本文介绍了TID控制器在解决AGC问题中的应用。采用SOS算法对增益参数进行优化。该系统采用多源(水电、火电、燃气)发电机组组成的双区电力系统。将优化后的控制器增益参数与优化后的控制器增益参数进行了比较。ITAE将其作为解决问题的目标函数。在区域-1中给出了1% (0.01 pu)的阶跃负载扰动。通过鲁棒性分析,研究了SOS逼近TID控制器对PFA优化控制器的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Investigations of Capacity Expansion Planning Using LEAP Model 基于LEAP模型的扩容规划研究
N. K. Rayaguru, K. Karunanithi, S. S. Dash, P. Chandrasekar, Savita M. Bani
Electrical energy is an essential and integral part of human life. The use of electrical energy is increasing day by day and therefore it is important to plan a future power system well in advance to meet the expected demand growth with a reasonable reliability level at minimum cost. Nowadays, renewable power generation plays an important role in power generation since, it is pollution free and zero fuel cost. In this paper an effort is made to project a future power system for Assam, an Indian state. In the present power systems, the electricity is generated mainly from non-renewable energy sources which increase greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and hence global warming. Keeping in mind about pollution impacts, renewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass for the planning a future power system of Assam using long range energy alternative planning system (LEAP) software is considered. The proposed capacity expansion is planned for next twelve years from 2019 to 2030. In this work, the various scenarios developed separately with LEAP are Greenhouse gas mitigation scenario, Low demand growth and High demand growth scenarios. In addition to these, reference scenario has also been considered. In all these scenarios the system installed capacity and one-hundred-year global warming potential have been investigated quantitatively.
电能是人类生活不可缺少的组成部分。电能的使用日益增加,因此,提前规划未来的电力系统,以最低的成本以合理的可靠性水平满足预期的需求增长是很重要的。目前,可再生能源发电因其无污染、零燃料成本等特点在发电中占有重要地位。本文试图为印度阿萨姆邦设计未来的电力系统。在目前的电力系统中,电力主要来自不可再生能源,这增加了温室气体(GHG)排放,从而导致全球变暖。考虑到污染影响,可再生能源,如风能、太阳能、生物质能,用于规划阿萨姆邦未来的电力系统,使用远程能源替代规划系统(LEAP)软件。拟议的产能扩张计划在2019年至2030年的未来12年进行。在这项工作中,与LEAP单独开发的各种情景是温室气体减缓情景、低需求增长情景和高需求增长情景。除此之外,还考虑了参考场景。在所有这些情景中,对系统装机容量和百年全球变暖潜势进行了定量研究。
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引用次数: 1
Variation in The Electronic and Microstructural Properties of Benzyl Viologen Treated MoS2/Si Heterojunction 苯基紫外光处理MoS2/Si异质结电子和微观结构性能的变化
D. Pradhan, Anurag Gartia, K. Sahoo, Tanmoy Parida, J. Kar
Molybdenum disulfide, being a low bandgap prototypical transition metal dichalcogenides, is widely used in modern devices for its outstanding material properties. An attempt has been made to modulate the properties of rapid thermally grown MoS2 thin films on silicon by varying the number of spin coatings of the benzyl viologen solution. The formation of grain-like morphology with the increase in number of spin coatings of BV solution were observed from FESEM images. AFM images were used to estimate the RMS roughness of BV treated MoS2 thin films. XRD pattern depicted the presence of the (002) characteristics peak around 2θ = 14.1°. Two Raman peaks has been observed around 389 cm−1 (E12g) and 408 cm−1 (A1g) for MoS2 films. The left shift in the A1g peak position is attributed to n-type nature in BV treated MoS2 thin films. Both XRD and Raman peak intensities are found to be deteriorated, with the number of coats of BV solution. The ideality factor, built-in voltage and carrier concentration have been calculated from I-V and C-V characteristics of MoS2/Si heterojunction. The ŋ and Vbi for six number of spin coatings are calculated as 1.35 and 0.35 V, respectively. The increase in the carrier concentration of MoS2 thin films has been observed for the rise in the number of spin coatings of BV solution.
二硫化钼作为一种低带隙的典型过渡金属二硫族化合物,以其优异的材料性能被广泛应用于现代器件中。本文试图通过改变苯基紫外光溶液的自旋涂层数来调节在硅上快速热生长的二硫化钼薄膜的性能。FESEM观察到随着BV溶液中自旋涂层数量的增加,BV溶液中颗粒状形貌的形成。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)图像估计BV处理的二硫化钼薄膜的RMS粗糙度。XRD谱图显示在2θ = 14.1°附近存在(002)特征峰。MoS2薄膜在389 cm−1 (E12g)和408 cm−1 (A1g)处观察到两个拉曼峰。在BV处理的MoS2薄膜中,A1g峰位置的左移归因于n型性质。随着BV溶液层数的增加,XRD和Raman峰强度逐渐变差。从MoS2/Si异质结的I-V和C-V特性计算了理想因数、内置电压和载流子浓度。计算出6种自旋涂层的Vbi值分别为1.35 V和0.35 V。BV溶液中自旋涂层数量的增加与二硫化钼薄膜载流子浓度的增加有关。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Crossover Techniques in Modification of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm Grasshopper优化算法改进中的交叉技术分析
Paulos Bekana, Archana Sarangi, Shubhendu Kumar Sarangi
This article made a description of a novel approach that presents the utility of the various crossover techniques in the Grasshopper algorithm. The Grasshopper optimization algorithm is referred as one of the swam intelligence algorithm in the recent years. This algorithm was already applied in several field of engineering optimization. In order to provide further reinforcement to quality of the results without increasing the complexity of optimization, the crossover technique is applied in this paper. A comparison of several crossover techniques is done with a variety of benchmarking functions in order to provide a comparable platform for different category of optimization. All the technique of crossover are followed by Gaussian mutation for the enhancement of quality of results. The simulation results show the demonstration of the modified versions of the algorithm in the domain of unimodal as well as multimodal category of optimization. The results presented in this paper verified the quality of the outcome presented after suggested modification of the original algorithm. This paper helps the researchers with an elaborate idea about the planned algorithm and can act as base algorithm for several optimization applications.
本文描述了一种新颖的方法,该方法展示了Grasshopper算法中各种交叉技术的实用性。Grasshopper优化算法是近年来发展起来的一种游动智能算法。该算法已在多个工程优化领域得到应用。为了在不增加优化复杂度的前提下进一步提高优化结果的质量,本文采用了交叉技术。使用各种基准测试功能对几种交叉技术进行比较,以便为不同类别的优化提供可比较的平台。所有的交叉技术之后都进行了高斯突变,以提高结果的质量。仿真结果表明,改进后的算法在单峰优化领域和多峰优化领域都得到了验证。本文给出的结果验证了对原算法进行修改后得到的结果的质量。本文有助于研究人员对规划算法有一个详细的概念,并可作为若干优化应用的基础算法。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal Comfort for a Green Office Building: Current Status and Future Direction 绿色办公建筑的热舒适:现状与未来方向
A. Al-Shetwi, M. A. Abdullah, M. Hannan, T. S. Babu, P. Satpathy, Renu Sharma
The office environment related to thermal comfort is essential in developing the workspace for high productivity, energy-saving, and global warming reduction. This paper deals with a comprehensive literature review on the thermal comfort for office buildings focusing on the state of arts of adaptive solutions, control methods, prospective of the workers, advanced technologies, and energy efficiency toward green office buildings. An analysis of research methods implemented during recent years was conducted to determine and assess the temperature comfort is explained. Indoor comfort environment, selection and requirements of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, and electrical lighting installation improvement are also discussed. The review concludes that the win-win situation between green office occupants' comfort and the adaptive energy-saving solution effectively increases productivity and energy efficiency, respectively. This review contributes a critical analysis of the gap for the existing solutions, control methods, and technologies and provides suggestions and recommendations that will hopefully strengthen the efforts towards the development of comfortable indoor temperature in the green office buildings for future applications.
与热舒适相关的办公环境对于开发高生产力、节能和减少全球变暖的工作空间至关重要。本文对办公建筑的热舒适进行了全面的文献综述,重点介绍了绿色办公建筑的适应性解决方案、控制方法、工人的前景、先进技术和能源效率。对近年来实施的研究方法进行了分析,以确定和评估温度舒适性。讨论了室内舒适环境、采暖、通风、空调系统的选择和要求以及电气照明装置的改进。检讨的结论是,绿色办公室使用者的舒适与适应性节能解决方案之间的双赢局面,分别有效地提高了生产力和能源效率。本文对现有解决方案、控制方法和技术的差距进行了批判性的分析,并提出了建议和建议,希望能够加强绿色办公建筑室内舒适温度的发展,以供未来应用。
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引用次数: 1
Power Quality Conditioning due to Flickering Loads with Shunt Active Power Filter using Fuzzy-Granular Controller Method 基于模糊颗粒控制器的并联有源电力滤波器对闪变负荷的电能质量调节
N. Hannoon, D. Ananth, Nabil Hiday, P. Chowdary, V. Chakravarthy
This paper proposes the modeling and analysis of a three-phase four wire Shunt Active Power Filter (SHAF) based on real and reactive power (PQ) control method for power quality advancement in the electrical distribution system. The electrical distribution system contains loads like diode rectifiers with resistive load and non-linear resistive-inductive (RL) load respectively. The SHAF system construction consists of an isolation T / Hexagon winding transformer and three-phase IGBT H-bridges for voltage source inverters (VSI). It also has a tuned band-pass type passive filter. The main aims of this paper cover design, modeling, construction, and testing of a SHAF prototype for a three-phase four wire nonlinear and unbalanced system. For effective controlling action, an advanced Fuzzy-Granular controller is used in place of a traditional PI controller. This system is capable to mitigate voltage and current harmonics at a low power distribution system. The control method is developed for absorbing higher-order harmonics and store the same in the capacitor and revert it back to the system in the form of the fundamental waveform, thereby filtering action was done. The controllers based on the d-q-0 transformation technique and first-order transfer function model with three individual PWM controllers for three phases were applied to the SHAF. The proposed system is verified with PI, ANFIS, and Fuzzy-Granular controllers using MATLAB/ Simulink and compares the difference in performance.
为了提高配电系统的电能质量,提出了一种基于实数和无功控制方法的三相四线并联有源电力滤波器的建模和分析方法。在配电系统中,二极管整流器分别具有阻性负载和非线性阻性电感(RL)负载。SHAF系统结构由隔离T /六边形绕组变压器和用于电压源逆变器(VSI)的三相IGBT h桥组成。它也有一个调谐带通型无源滤波器。本文的主要目的是为三相四线非线性不平衡系统设计、建模、构建和测试SHAF原型。为了有效地控制动作,采用先进的模糊颗粒控制器代替传统的PI控制器。该系统能够在低功率配电系统中减轻电压和电流谐波。该控制方法是吸收高次谐波并将其存储在电容器中,然后以基波的形式返回到系统中,从而完成滤波作用。将基于d-q-0变换技术和一阶传递函数模型的控制器与三个独立的三相PWM控制器应用于SHAF。利用MATLAB/ Simulink对所提出的系统进行了PI、ANFIS和模糊颗粒控制器的验证,并比较了性能的差异。
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引用次数: 0
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2021 International Conference in Advances in Power, Signal, and Information Technology (APSIT)
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