大型甲醇储罐的抗震性能

V. Popov, Oleksandr V. Voitsehivskiy, Kateryna Kryklyva
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摘要

本文介绍了大型储罐地震荷载以液体的脉动和对流动水压力形式进行解析建模的方法。在建立的地震冲击数学模型的基础上,用有限元法对储罐的应力-应变状态进行了模拟。模拟考虑了由于长期运行和腐蚀磨损导致的罐结构强度降低而产生的罐的几何变形。已被认为是国外公认的用于评估储罐建筑结构强度和耐久性的抗震计算方法。该方法符合国家标准的要求。通过对可能的设计情况的分析,揭示了储罐最危险的状态是具有水平方向余弦的地震作用。采用提出的地震影响分析建模方法,对敖德萨地区尤日尼市一座容积为2万m3的储罐进行了数值计算。确定了地震冲击时甲醇表面可能出现的激波高度的估计值。实践证明,为了保持屋面结构的完整性,以及保证其他结构的抗震性能,储罐的产品填充量应限制在总设计容量的61%。已经验证了壳体的最大过载部分,即侧墙的支撑层,以及地震冲击(屈曲)期间最可能的极限条件。制定了基于抗震的储罐进一步安全运行的技术规程,并提出了进一步科学研究的方向。
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SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF A LARGE METHANOL STORAGE TANK
The paper contains the methods of analytical modeling of the seismic loads at the large-sized tanks in the form of impulsive and convective hydrodynamic pressures of the liquid. Have been performed the simulation of the stress-strain state of the tank by the finite element method basis on the developed mathematical models of seismic impact. The simulation takes into account the distortion of the tank’s geometry, obtained as a result of long-term operation and reduction in the strength of tank structures due to corrosive wear. Have been considered the generally accepted foreign method for calculating seismic resistance for assessing the strength and durability of tank’s building structures. The method is adapted to the requirements of national standards. Have been revealed that the most dangerous state for the tank is seismic action with a horizontal direction cosine as a result of the analysis of possible design situations. Have been performed the numerical calculations using the proposed method of analytical modeling of seismic impact for a tank with a volume of 20 000 m3, built in the Yuzhny city, Odessa region. Have been determined the estimated height value of the excited wave, which can appear on the surface of methanol during a seismic shock. Have been proven that in order to preserve the integrity of the roof structures, as well as to ensure the seismic resistance of other structures, the filling of the tank with the product should be limited to 61% of the total design capacity. Have been verified the most overloaded sections of the shell, which are the supporting layers of the side wall, as well as the most probable limit conditions during a seismic shock (buckling).Have been developed the technological regulations for further safe operation of tank based on seismic resistance and outlined directions for further scientific research on this topic.
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