Integration of electric vehicles into low-voltage grids with limited capacity using a smart market

In the next few years, many electric vehicles (EV s) will need to be integrated into low-voltage (LV) grids, which, according to current paradigms, will result in high grid expansion requirements and enormous costs. Therefore, it is planned to reduce the grid expansion in the distribution grid and to implement smart solutions to manage the locally limited transmission capacity. It must be ensured that no overloads of transformers and power lines as well as undervoltage problems occur. In this paper, the implementation of a smart market that efficiently distributes the limited infrastructure is proposed. This is accomplished by calculating the available grid capacity based on the grid topology and other local supply and demand. The remaining capacity is distributed through a market mechanism. Based on a typical grid setup, it can be shown that the presented concept utilizes the existing power grid more efficiently than time-based control and time-limited prohibitions of charging processes. Through the market mechanism, the individual charging requirements can be considered and thus an improved temporal distribution of the charging quantities can be achieved.