Changes of Community Orientation of Banjarmasin City from River to Land in the XX Century

The life of urban communities with the dynamics that surrounds has undergone a cultural transformation over time. The cultural transformation that is sometimes so fast makes the orientation of the people change too. These changes are related to technology that continues to penetrate society through everyday thinking and behavior. The openness of the Banjar people to foreign cultures has occurred since the entry of Europeans began to colonize and exploit areas in the interior of Kalimantan. Banjarmasin as the center of trade in Kalimantan became the focus or penetration of the invaders to change the orientation of its society through education and the application of technology. The historical method is used to extract data and facts from events left by historical actors, both in the form of writing and relics that they have used. Even recordings in the form of documentary films can be used as historical evidence that must be interpreted. This method has steps that can be verified. First looking for and collecting data to make assumptions, second criticizing the sources obtained and third writing or historiography. The change in the orientation of the people of the city of Banjarmasin can be traced through a historical study. Chronological writing of history can clearly describe urban society undergoing cultural transformation through education and technology from time to time.