C

G. Harper
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摘要

最近,有人提出,非脉动和非尘埃的K和M巨星和超巨星的风可能是由作用于高度团块风物质的某种形式的磁压力驱动的。虽然许多研究人员认为,磁场过程是导致冷却演化的恒星风的原因,但现有的MHD和alfv波浪驱动的风模型的磁场本质上是径向的,与光球有关。团块磁风的情况是完全不同的,因为磁通量也被风从恒星带走了。我们通过计算Baade等人基于风散射线剖面的ζ Aur半经验模型的连续电波通量来检验这种团块风假说。射电连续不透明度与电子密度的平方成正比,而线散射不透明度与气体密度成正比。这种比例上的差异为是否存在较大的结块因素提供了一种检验。通过比较产生半经验速度分布所需的非热压与预期热压,我们推导出ζ Aur的团块因子(CFs)的径向分布。整个亚声速内风区的CFs为~ 5,然后向外下降。这些隐含的团块因素导致2.0 cm处的射电辐射过剩,而在6.2 cm处,它提高了与平滑无团块模型的一致性。较小的聚集因子(~ 2)导致更好的总体一致性,但也增加了2 cm处的差异。这些结果不支持磁性团块风假说,相反,表明潜在的半经验模式的固有不确定性可能主导预测无线电通量的不确定性。然而,需要新的紫外线和射电连续谱观测来检验新一代的非均匀磁流体动力风模型。
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Recently, it has been proposed that the winds of non-pulsating and non-dusty K and M giants and supergiants may be driven by some form of magnetic pressure acting on highly clumped wind material. While many researchers believe that magnetic processes are responsible for cool evolved stellar winds, existing MHD and Alfvén wave-driven wind models have magnetic fields that are essentially radial and tied to the photosphere. The clumped magnetic wind scenario is quite different in that the magnetic flux is also being carried away from the star with the wind. We test this clumped wind hypothesis by computing continuum radio fluxes from the ζ Aur semiempirical model of Baade et al., which is based on wind-scattered line profiles. The radio continuum opacity is proportional to the electron density squared, while the line scattering opacity is proportional to the gas density. This difference in proportionality provides a test for the presence of large clumping factors. We derive the radial distribution of clump factors (CFs) for ζ Aur by comparing the nonthermal pressures required to produce the semiempirical velocity distribution with the expected thermal pressures. The CFs are ∼5 throughout the sub-sonic inner wind region and then decline outward. These implied clumping factors lead to excess radio emission at 2.0 cm, while at 6.2 cm it improves agreement with the smooth unclumped model. Smaller clumping factors of ∼2 lead to better overall agreement but also increase the discrepancy at 2 cm. These results do not support the magnetic clumped wind hypothesis and instead suggest that inherent uncertainties in the underlying semiempirical model probably dominate uncertainties in predicted radio fluxes. However, new ultraviolet line and radio continuum observations are needed to test the new generations of inhomogeneous magnetohydrodynamic wind models.
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