改进阀控铅酸电池的充电算法

E. Sexton, R. Nelson, J. Olson
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引用次数: 8

摘要

阀控铅酸(VRLA)电池的循环寿命受到其使用寿命中充电方式的强烈影响。虽然VRLA电池最初的表现与淹水电池相似,但随着电池老化,氧气生成/重组循环在接近100%充满电时开始占主导地位,这种行为会发生变化。这意味着越来越多的电荷在复合循环中被消耗,并且必须施加越来越多的过电荷以保持满容量。总的结果是,由于过度充电和氧气产生的增加,电池变热。传统的充电方法试图通过在过充电阶段降低电流来应对温度上升。然而,这种方法并不能最终防止容量损失,这样充电的电池通常会产生200-300次循环,达到初始容量的50%。主要的失效模式似乎是负极板充液不足,而不是正极板腐蚀。两种方法,称为部分充电状态(PSOR)和电流中断(CI),在延长电池寿命方面取得了成功。PSOR使用9个有限的充电周期,然后是第10个周期,充电回收率为120%。迄今为止,最佳PSOR循环寿命为1160次循环至50%,800次循环至80%。CI在过充电时使用大电流间断施加来控制电池温度。CI有效地保持了负极板容量,Optima group 34型深循环电池的初始容量为80%,循环415次,循环760次,初始容量为50%。
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Improved charge algorithms for valve regulated lead acid batteries
The cycle life obtained from valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries is strongly influenced by the manner in which they have been charged over their lifetime. Although VRLA batteries initially behave similarly to their flooded counterparts, that behavior changes as the batteries age and the oxygen generation/recombination cycle begins to dominate at near 100% full charge. This means that an increasing portion of the applied charge is consumed in the recombination cycle and that more and more overcharge must be applied to maintain full capacity. The overall result is that the battery heats up because of increased overcharge and oxygen generation. Conventional charge approaches attempt to deal with rising temperatures by lowering the current during the overcharge phase. However, this approach does not ultimately prevent capacity loss, and a battery charged thusly typically will yield 200-300 cycles to 50% of initial capacity. The main failure mode appears to be undercharging of the negative plate, not positive-plate corrosion. Two approaches, called partial state of recharge (PSOR) and current interrupt (CI) were successful in extending battery life. PSOR uses nine limited recharge cycles followed by a tenth cycle using 120% charge return. The best PSOR cycle life to date is 1160 cycles to 50% and 800 cycles to 80%. CI uses a high current in the overcharge applied discontinuously to control battery temperature. CI effectively maintains negative-plate capacity, with an Optima group 34 deep-cycle battery yielding 415 cycles to 80% initial capacity and 760 cycles to 50%.
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