Future of Bioprinting in Healthcare: A Review

Tissue damage and degeneration are common pathological phenomena in higher organisms, specifically in mammalians. However, the traditional method of organ transplantation is a gold standard treatment option for life-saving, dependent upon a donor’s availability. The scarcity of organ donors and the risk of graft rejection is mainly associated with adverse immune responses. Additive manufacturing, such as bioprinting, is one of the most advanced and state-of-the-art techniques that are being utilized for generating tissue engineering construct and in-vitro disease models. Three-dimensional bioprinting associate in creation of extracellular matrix (ECM), such as microenvironments for cells and computer-aided design (CAD) modification of planned tissue morphology. Herein, formulation of suitable bio-ink composition with optimized gelation kinetics for in-situ immobilization of cells with high cell viability is the utmost priority for bio-fabrication. This review elaborates on the most current opportunities and prospects for efficiently implementing bioprinting to restructure medical and technological practices and their applications in the healthcare industry.