迈向城市地区可持续道路交通系统:以尼日利亚奥韦里为例

Onyeka JO, Obi LE, Igiri VC
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摘要

在几乎所有情况下,城市地区都是从中心向外发展。公共设施(学校、办公室、市场)通常位于市中心附近,而住宅则向外辐射。这种发展模式要求公路运输向中心移动。本文以尼日利亚奥韦里为例,探讨了可以采用的战略,以可持续的方式实现这些城市地区的必要运动。我们进行了实地研究,以确定总乘客需求、乘用车数量和混合,以及测量三种主要道路运输引起的空气污染物。实地调查的结果显示,现有的通勤车辆比例分别为56.2:63.7:19.6:1.6:1,分别为沙龙、货车、小巴、云梯巴士和大型巴士,总数为85,950辆。调查还显示,环境空气污染物水平高于建议标准。为了实现10:33:53:14:1的车辆混合,减少交通量和目标空气污染物,开发了一种新的模型。分析表明,在交通拥堵和污染物排放方面,小巴和云霄巴士比沙龙车、货车和大型巴士有优势。这两种公交车的人均污染物排放量最少。对这些公交车给予更高优先级的最佳车辆混合已被证明可以减少40%的拥堵,减少40%的一氧化碳,减少50%的二氧化氮和50%的甲烷。在此基础上,建议采用10:33:53:14:1的车辆混合结构,为沙龙:旅行车:小巴:云霄巴士:大型巴士,以满足Owerri通勤者的交通需求。为此提出了一些政策措施。这些措施包括彻底禁止将载客量低的车辆用于商业目的。
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Towards a sustainable road transportation system in urban areas: A case study of Owerri, Nigeria
Urban Areas in almost all cases develop outwards from the centre. Public facilities (schools, offices, markets) are usually located at about the centre while residential abodes radiate outwards. Such development pattern necessitates road transportation movement to the centre. This paper examines strategies that can be adopted to achieve the necessary movement in a sustainable manner for these urban areas, with Owerri Nigeria as a case study. A field study was conducted to ascertain the total passenger requirement, number and mix of passenger vehicles as well as measure three main road transport-induced air pollutants. The result of the field work showed existing commuter vehicles mix of 56.2:63.7: 19.6:1.6:1 for salons, wagons, mini-buses, coaster buses and big buses respectively, of a total of 85,950 vehicles. The survey also revealed ambient air pollutants level higher than the recommended standards. A new model was developed to achieve a vehicles remix of 10:33:53: 14:1 of same vehicle types and reduction in traffic volume and target air pollutants. The analyses showed that mini-buses and coaster buses have advantage over salon cars, wagon vehicles and big buses in terms of traffic congestions and pollutants release into the environment. The two bus types have least pollutants release per passenger carried. An optimal vehicle remix, which gives higher priority to these buses has been shown to reduce congestion by 40%, Carbon monoxide by 40%, Nitrogen Dioxide by 50% and Methane by 50%. Based on the findings, it is recommended that vehicular remix of 10:33:53:14:1, for salon: wagon: mini-buses: coaster buses: big buses be adopted for Owerri commuters’ transportation need. Some policy measures were put forward to help achieve this. The measures include an outright ban on use of low-passenger-carrying vehicles for commercial purposes.
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