The effect of various human body tissue models on radiowave propagation from a bladder implanted wireless source

The radiation characteristics of a bladder implanted wireless source have been numerically investigated and analysed. Simulations were performed with the Finite-Differences Time-Domain (FDTD) technique at the Medical Implanted Communication Systems (MICS) frequency band of 402 MHz and at the unlicensed frequency band of 868 MHz. Three different inhomogeneous digital phantoms (two male and one female) were considered for studying the effect of various body shapes and compositions on the radiation performance of wireless implants. The numerical analysis indicated that the radiation characteristics of wireless implants are subject-specific. In particular, the female body, due to the smaller size, and the reduced amount of highly lossy tissues, demonstrated higher efficiency.