无政权:共产主义在当代印度尼西亚奴役领域的安排和计划

Geger Riyanto
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摘要

在印尼的新秩序建设过程中,共产主义及其表现形式印尼共产党被建构为国家乃至整个民族的克星。共产主义成为每个人都必须避免或谴责的禁忌。随着新秩序的瓦解,印尼共产主义的历史论述层出不穷,与官方史学相抗衡。新政府也取消了通过几项法律法规对前印尼共产党或据称是共产党人的正式歧视。然而,禁忌和贬抑本身并没有完全消亡。在后改革时期的印尼,对共产主义的排斥和谴责机制经历了许多社会进程。其中之一是对“左派出版物”的审查和对讨论“左派话语”的公共论坛的迫害,这些通常是由非国家行为者,特别是民间或群众组织策划的。本文以民族志为研究方法,以福柯式的治理分析为理论框架,旨在讨论印尼对共产主义的持续堕落是如何导致这种审查和迫害的。
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Rezim tanpa Rezim: Kepenataan dan Wacana Komunisme di Ranah Perbukuan Indonesia Kontemporer
During the course of the New Order in Indonesia, communism and Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) as its manifestation was constructed as the nemesis of the state and even the whole nation. Communism became a taboo that everyone has to avoid or condemn. With the fall of the New Order, a lot of historical discourses about communism in Indonesia were produced to contend the official historiography. Formal discrimination through several laws and regulations against ex-PKI or allegedly communists was also stripped by the new government. However, the taboo and abjection itself is not entirely died out. In post-Reformasi Indonesia, the mechanism of rejection and condemnation to the communism has been working through many social processes. One of them is the censorship towards ‘leftist publications’ and persecutions towards public forums discussing ‘leftist discourses’, usually orchestrated by non-state actors, particularly civil or mass organizations. This article, using ethnography as its method and Foucauldian analysis of governmentality as theoretical framework, aims to discuss how such censorships and persecutions occur as a symptom of the ongoing abjection towards communism in Indonesia.
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