不可表达性异议

Filippo Costantini
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摘要

在本文中,我们对绝对普遍性辩论中反对相对主义立场的最重要的反对意见之一作出了贡献。不可表达性反对指责广义相对主义者不能连贯地表达自己的立场。首先,我们考察Glanzberg对这一反对意见的回应,并证明它是失败的。其次,我们研究了推广相对论立场的前景。特别是,我们分析了Fine和Linnebo的模态方法,我们认为,尽管他们能够连贯地表达相对主义的核心思想之一,同时避免了不可表达性的反对,但在一个重要的意义上,他们不再是相对主义的立场。第三,在加强不可表达性反对确实成功的观点的同时,我们认为这并不能保证相对主义是错误的。相对主义也许难以言喻,但却是正确的。然而,我们要强调的是,即使不可表达性的反对意见不能提供对相对主义的明确的、彻底的反对意见,如果我们想以理性的方式讨论相对主义,这种反对意见也提供了一个令人信服的理由,不接受广义相对主义。
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The Inexpressibility Objection
Abstract In this paper, we offer a contribution to the discussion of one of the most important objections against a relativist position in the absolute generality debate. The inexpressibility objection accuses the generality-relativist of not being able to coherently express her own position. First, we examine Glanzberg's attempt to reply to this objection and we show that it fails. Second, we study the prospects of generalizing the relativist position. In particular, we analyze Fine's and Linnebo's modal approaches and we argue that, even though they are able to coherently express one of the core ideas of relativism while avoiding the inexpressibility objection, there is an important sense in which they are no longer relativist positions. Third, while strengthening the idea that the inexpressibility objection does succeed, we argue that this is no guarantee of the falsity of relativism. Relativism may be inexpressible but true. However, we stress that even if the inexpressibility objection does not supply a definitive, knock-down objection against relativism, if we want to discuss relativism in a rational way, the objection offers a compelling reason not to embrace generality-relativism.
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