比较农药法规:比利时(欧盟)和华盛顿州(美国)可以相互学习什么?

Ona Ambrozaite, Kirsten B. Butner, Dezmond Cole, Eline D'Haene, Jasmine De Rop, Willem Desmedt, Nathaniel Laughner, Ruben Savels, Esther Van Parys, Hao Nick Zhang
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摘要

在全球范围内,农药使用量自1990年以来几乎翻了一番,到2023年底,全球市场预计将达到1300亿美元。随着世界人口的迅速增长,农药的使用,也称为植物保护产品(PPP),在提高作物产量以确保充足的粮食供应方面发挥了重要作用。在20世纪60年代初,人们越来越关注和意识到PPP可能对周围生态系统产生非特异性影响,这导致了越来越多的抵制。此后,政府和政府间机构将可持续农业实践置于其议程的首位,导致PPP的使用成为一个越来越有争议的讨论话题。本政策分析通过提供PPP使用及其法规的关键政策发展的历史记录,广泛地描述了美国和欧盟的PPP监管体系。然后探讨了美国和欧盟PPP监管制度之间的直接比较。选择华盛顿州和比利时作为案例研究,是为了更详细地了解这种制度的复杂性,并允许采用比较方法来审查政策变化的机会和挑战。此外,本文还研究了欧盟和美国实体可以相互学习的建议,以完善各自的PPP监管体系。最后,本分析探讨了通过建立一个政府间框架来加强跨大西洋合作的潜力,该框架处理关于公私伙伴关系的科学证据的收集及其使用。因此,这一分析可以作为政策制定者更好地理解美国和欧盟PPP监管的不同方法的工具,因为养活不断增长的世界人口的需求变得更加迫切,同时通过明智的PPP使用政策来保护人类和生态系统的健康。
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Comparing Pesticide Regulations: What can Belgium (EU) and Washington State (US) Learn from One Another?
On a global scale, pesticide use has almost doubled since 1990, with the world market expected to reach $130 billion by the end of 2023. With a rapidly growing world population, the use of pesticides, also called plant protection products (PPP), has played an important role in increasing crop yields to ensure adequate food availability. In the early 1960s, growing concern and awareness about the potential for PPP to non-specifically affect the surrounding ecosystem led to a growing field of resistance. Governmental and intergovernmental bodies have since placed sustainable agricultural practices at the top of their agendas, leading to the use of PPP becoming an increasingly controversial topic of discussion. This policy analysis broadly describes PPP regulation systems in the US and the EU by providing historic accounts of key policy developments of PPP use and their regulations. A direct comparison between regulatory systems for PPP in the US and in the EU is then explored. Washington State and Belgium were chosen as case studies in order to provide a more detailed look into the complexities of such systems and allow for a comparative approach to examine the opportunities and challenges for policy changes. Additionally, suggestions as to what the EU and the US entities can learn from one another to improve the respective PPP regulation systems are investigated. Finally, the analysis explores the potential of strengthening transatlantic cooperation through the establishment of an intergovernmental framework that deals with collection of scientific evidence on PPP and their use. As a result, this analysis acts as a tool for policymakers to better comprehend the different approaches to PPP regulation in the US and the EU as the need to feed the growing world population becomes more urgent, all while safeguarding human and ecosystem health through well-informed policies on PPP use.
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