当代日常生活背景下的冲击美学

Lyudmyla Tarnashynska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

无论地理位置如何,日常生活都有不同的维度:一方面,它是例行公事,另一方面,它是逃避例行公事的一种尝试,至少创造一些假期。在当前日常生活的背景下,审视它的另一面是有意义的:日常生活是压力,意识的伪装等等。有趣的是,观察乌克兰文学的冲击美学,特别是20世纪90年代的现实,如何在我们眼前被修改并充满新的意义,以及现代如何扭曲人类意识,从而改变超现实主义的“曲线”。这是关于全球世界的一种现象——一种流行病作为一种新的经验,实现了共存和共同责任的问题。通过小说和电影预防性研究的经验(如果说阿尔贝·加缪(Albert Camus)的《瘟疫》(The Plague)是关于过去的,那么迪恩·孔茨(Dean Koontz)的反乌托邦电影《黑暗之眼》(The Eyes of Darkness)是关于1989年版本中的致命微生物“武汉400”,在1981年的原版中被称为“高尔基400”,是来自过去的警告),现在需要一个新的理解。在A.加缪的《瘟疫》之后,人们也可以诉诸于尚未被翻译成乌克兰语的关于同一流行病主题的书籍:例如,卡雷尔Čapek的戏剧《白色瘟疫》(1937年),瑞典作家Per Wahlöö的《钢铁之春》(1968年),以及本·埃尔顿的《盲信》反乌托邦(2007年),其中行动发生在不久的将来,背景是不断的流行病,研究重点是当前的主题疫苗接种。作为一种敏感的工具,文学接受了对年龄歧视主题的重新解释,以进行艺术反思(人们可以在日本文学中找到惊人的一致性,特别是在《奈山的歌谣》中由富泽七郎写的小说),以及基于其他理由的歧视和社会不平等的主题;一个被赋予权力/机会的人,以及他/她选择给予或不给予他人生存权的主题;个人/集体责任领域的主题,社会开放/封闭的界限,以及实用主义/理性主义的极限,犬儒主义的极限/深度的主题。也就是说,它是关于实现生命权的假定,维护人性,这对乌克兰和世界文学中古老的、永恒的情节的其他内容提出了问题。
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AESTHETICS OF SHOCKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT EVERYDAY LIFE
Everyday life – regardless of its geographical status – has different dimensions: on the one hand, it is a routine, and on the other hand, it is an attempt to escape from it, to create at least some holiday. In the context of current everyday life, it makes sense to look at its other side: everyday life as stress, affectation of consciousness, etc. It is interesting to observe how the aesthetics of the shock, brought to Ukrainian literature, in particular, by the realities of the 1990s, is modified and filled with new meanings literally before our eyes, and how modern times deform human consciousness, herewith changing the «curve» of surrealism. This is about a phenomenon of the global world – a pandemic as a new experience that has actualized the issue of coexistence and co-responsibility. Experience, preventively studied through fiction and cinema (if «The Plague» by Albert Camus is about the past, then the «The Eyes of Darkness» dystopia by Dean Koontz is about the lethal microorganism «Wuhan 400» in the 1989 edition, which was called «Gorki-400» in the original 1981 version and is a warning fromthe past), now needs a new understanding. After A. Camus’s «The Plague,» one can also appeal to books on the same pandemic theme that have not yet been translated into Ukrainian: for example, Karel Čapek’s play «The White Plague» (1937), «The Steel Spring» by Swedish writer Per Wahlöö (1968), as well as «Blind Faith» dystopia by Ben Elton (2007), where the action takes place in the near future against the background of constant epidemics, and the research focuses on the current topic of vaccination. As a sensitive tool, literature received the reinterpreted theme of ageism for artistic reflection (one can find striking consonance, say, in Japanese literature, in particular in «The Ballad of Narayama» novel by Shichirō Fukazawa), as well as the theme of discrimination on other grounds and social inequality; the theme of a person endowed with power/opportunities and his/her choice to give or not to give the right to life to another; the topic of the area of personal/collective responsibility, boundaries of openness/closedness of societies, as well as the topic of the limit of pragmatism/rationalism, the limits/depth of cynicism. That is, it is about actualizing the presumption of the right to life, the preservation of humanity, which problematizes the other/different content of old, eternal plots of Ukrainian and world literature.
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