Comparative Collocations as Cognitive Classifiers are Bases of Lexical Categorie

The paper is devoted to the linguistic phenomena of cognitive classifiers and the way they are defined in the Russian, English and French languages. Different aspects of the cognitive approach in linguistics science are considered as the legitimate interdisciplinary paradigm. The concepts are presented from several viewpoints. The comparative collocations are given a detailed examination covering the processes determined by national and cultural specific background. The need to study comparative constructions in the language is due to the fact that the mechanism of comparison occupies an important place in human thinking. Comparisons play an important role in the formation of the conceptual picture of the world, clarify and concretize the person's ideas about objects and phenomena. The analysis of comparisons allows us to penetrate into the deep mechanisms of cognitive processes of ordinary consciousness. The category of cognitive classifiers is one of the least developed in linguistics. The importance of determining the composition and functions of cognitive classifiers in the structuring of the conceptual sphere and semantic space of the language determines the relevance of the work. The presence of common standards of comparison for different linguistic cultures is explained by the fact that there is almost the same reflection in the language of universal practice. The analysis of the material also reveals significant differences in the standards of comparison, which are determined by differences in cultures associated with realities, historical events, peculiarities of natural conditions and traditions.