Successful treatment of severe aplastic anemia following acute hepatitis with liver fungal abscess by haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a case report

Aplastic anemia(AA)is characterized by bone marrow failure and marked decreases of all marrow elements. Hepatitis-associated AA(HAAA)most often affects adolescent and young men who present with severe pancytopenia two to three months after an episode of acute hepatitis. The marrow failure can be precipitous and severe, and is usually fatal if untreated. Furthermore, the hepatitis can be clinically undistinguishable from typical viral hepatitis, but with no specific cause identified. It is well-known that AA is a potentially fatal condition if there is no response to immunotherapy and/or if there is progression to severe pancytopenia. In particular, invasive fungal infections(IFI)are reported to have very poor prognoses. While the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)in these AA patients is evolving, even now there are some patients with HSCT-related mortality. However, it is recommended that early allogeneic HSCT(allo-HSCT)should be done in younger severe AA patients with concerns about the risk of severe infections. Patients with AA who lack a matched sibling or unrelated donor and who have a severe Case report