性别、时间利用和健康:范围审查

Kanika Sharma, Ramila Bisht
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摘要

导言:时间利用研究是检验人们如何利用时间以及影响时间的因素对健康的影响的一种有用方法。其中一个因素是性别。目的:本研究对近期关于性别、时间利用和健康之间相互关系的研究进行了范围综述和综合。设计:检索Web of Science和PubMed电子数据库,以确定2015年至2020年间发表的研究。44项符合入选标准的研究入选。结果:关于这一主题的大多数研究本质上是定量的,侧重于发达国家的情况,并将精神健康和营养作为专题卫生重点。正在研究的人口种类多种多样,越来越注重儿童和青少年人口。概念上的发现揭示了这种关系的多向和终身方面;指出时间利用与健康的关系因流行病学阶段和营养转变阶段而异;并强调有必要研究性别护理对健康和福祉的影响。结论:本次审查强调有必要进行定性研究,关注慢性病、职业健康问题和身体疼痛等健康结果,并加强对发展中国家情况的研究,这些国家在时间利用和健康方面存在严重的性别不平等。
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Gender, time-use, and health: A scoping review
Introduction: Time-use research is a useful approach to examine the health impacts of how people spend their time and the factors that influence their time. One such factor is gender. Aim: This study undertakes a scoping review to map and synthesize recent research done on the interrelationships among gender, time-use, and health. Design: Web of Science and PubMed electronic databases were searched to identify research published between 2015 and 2020. Forty-four studies that met the eligibility criteria were selected. Results: Most studies on the topic are quantitative in nature, focus on developed country contexts, and have mental health and nutrition as thematic health focus. There is diversity in the kinds of population being studied, with an increasing focus on children and adolescent populations. Conceptual findings reveal multi-directional and life-course aspects of the relationship; point that the relationship between time-use and health varies by the stage of the epidemiological and the nutrition transition; and highlight the need to study the health and well-being impacts of gendered caregiving. Conclusion:  This review highlights the need to conduct qualitative studies, give attention to health outcomes such as chronic illnesses, occupational health issues, and physical pain, and increase research focus on developing country contexts where gender inequality in time-use and health is severe.
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