房屋的曝光自然采光建模原则

Volodymyr Yehorchenkov, O. Sergeychuk, L. Koval
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摘要

众所周知,估计自然光照变化的一个标准是曝光等于光强与持续时间的乘积。在这里,我们研究了房间里的曝光取决于光圈的方向和它在空间中的位置。通过三个相同的办公房间,具有相同的采光孔,朝向北、西和南,有三个位置——垂直、倾斜和水平。为了计算年暴露量,我们使用了著名的软件包VELUX日光可视化工具2。为了便于分析暴露量,引入了自然暴露系数(NEC)的概念,即室内暴露量与室外同时暴露量之间的比值。我们的研究表明,暴露是评价室内自然光及时性的有效标准。现有的利用同时照明估算建筑物能耗的系统是粗糙的,并且没有考虑诸如地平线两侧的光孔方向及其在空间中的位置等因素。曝光的使用使我们改进了计算照明场所能耗的方法,同时考虑了空间中的光圈位置及其在地平线两侧的朝向。通过数值实验得到了预测结果,即垂直光孔朝北的房间耗电量最大,水平光孔朝北的房间耗电量最小。采用斜光圈的房间能耗平均。
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Principles of the exposure natural lighting modeling of premises
It’s well known that a criterion of estimating the varying natural lighting is exposure equal to the product of light intensity by its duration. Here we have made studies into the exposure in the room depending on the orientation of a light aperture and its location in space. The exposure has been considered by the example of three identical office rooms with the same light apertures oriented north, west and south and having three positions – vertical, inclined and horizontal. To calculate the annual exposure we made use of the well-known software package VELUX Daylight Visualizer 2. For convenience of analyzing the exposure there was introduced the concept of the natural exposure coefficient (NEC) which is a ratio between the exposure in the room and a simultaneous value of the outer exposure. Our studies have shown that exposure is an effective criterion to assess the indoor natural lighting in time. The existing system of estimating energy consumption in lighting buildings with the help of a simultaneous lighting is rough and does not take into account such factors as orientation of light apertures by the sides of the horizon and their location in space. The use of exposure let us improve the method of calculating energy consumption in lighting premises taking into account the light aperture location in space and their as orientation by the sides of the horizon. The numerical experiment performed has given a predicted result, namely, the most power-consuming room is the north-oriented one with the vertical light aperture and the least power-consuming room is the one with the horizontal light aperture. The room with the inclined light aperture has average energy consumption.
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