Impact of Social Sciences on Nanovaccines Awareness in attaining Sustainability against Biological Warfare Agents

The Health system has witnessed numerous catastrophic outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. A biological outbreak can be natural, accidental or intended factors are responsible for the emergence of health threat. Threats can be genetics or biological; ecology; social,economic or political, and environmental based. Conventional technologies for the detection of these threats fail to adequately resolve the issues like imperfect detection, time-consuming procedures, high cost, and relatively reduced sensitivity. Conventional vaccines have limited efficacy, teratogenicity, high toxicity, and limited bio safety. Rapid developments in functionalized nano detectors and nano vaccines have revolutionalised the design of compatible nano-agents with improved on-site detection,decontamination, and rapid elimination of chemical, biological and infectious agents. This paper provides key insights into nanotechnology-based approaches and challenges related to the monitoring, detection,and targeting of these agents. Innovative nanotechnology-driven approaches with high sophistication may open up new opportunities in addressing the threats of biological and chemical warfare concerning homeland security.