限定空间的诗学、结构与感觉(米科拉·赫维洛夫伊《疗养院区的故事》)

Y. Barabash
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摘要

Mykola Khvylovyi的《疗养院区的故事》于1924年以“疗养院区”的标题首次出版,在两个相互关联的背景下被认为是20世纪最初几十年的欧洲现代主义和20世纪20年代至30年代所谓的乌克兰“潜在”现代主义。欧洲作家的作品(T. Mann的《魔山》、K. Hamsun的《最后一章》、S.毛姆的《疗养院》、B. Schultz的《毒蛇下的疗养院》、H. Hesse的《疗养胜地的访客》)中提到的故事与“疗养院”主题的关系,被认为是作家专注于被限定区域的证明,这是现代主义美学的概念标志之一。对故事中所表现的密闭空间的分析,可以从以下几个方面进行:a)作为形成密闭空间语义场的因素的“区域”的隐喻;B)限定空间的类型学:实用、预言、社会和历史、记忆空间、存在、神话、荒诞;C)疗养院空间与疗养院外空间的关系、边界与边界、垂直与水平、“内外”碰撞;D)故事文本空间的构成(框架构成、以开头和结尾为构成要素、组合、对位原则、叙事主体的加倍;e)作为文本的受限空间的结构(作为结构成分的“开始/结束”、二元对立、互文性——“自动互文”、互文的“陀思妥耶夫斯基”重写本)。通过对《疗养院区》中密闭空间的诗学、结构和语义学的分析,为标记科拉·赫维洛夫伊的故事在乌克兰现代主义模式的建立中所起的创新作用提供了依据。
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Poetics, Structure and Senses of Confi ned Space (“Story of Sanatorium Zone” by Mykola Khvylovyi)
“Story of Sanatorium Zone” by Mykola Khvylovyi, fi rst published in 1924 under the title “Sanatorium Zone”, has been considered in two interconnected contexts – the one of European modernism of the initial decades of the 20th century and that of the so-called Ukrainian ‘latent’ modernism of the 1920s – 1930s. The mentioned fact of the story’s relation to the ‘sanatorium’ theme in the works of European writers (“The Magic Mountain” by T. Mann, “The Last Chapter” by K. Hamsun, “Sanatorium” by S. Maugham, “Sanatorium under Clepsydra” by B. Schultz, “Health-Resort Visitor” by H. Hesse) is considered as a testimony of the writer’s concentration on the confi ned area, which is one of the conceptual signs of the modernist aesthetics. The analysis of the confined space, shown in the story, is carried out in several aspects: a) a metaphor of ‘zone’ as a factor of forming the semantic field of the confined space; b) typology of confined spaces: pragmatic, prophanic, social and historical, space of memory, existential, mythological, absurdist; c) relation of the sanatorium space to the out-of-sanatorium one, frontiers and borders, verticals and horizontals, collision ‘inside/outside’; d) composition of the textual space of the story (frame composition, the beginning and the end as compositional elements, assembly, principle of counterpoint, doubling of the narration subject; e) the structure of the confined space as a Text (‘beginning/end’ as structural component, binary oppositions, intertextuality – ‘autointertext’, intertextual ‘Dostoyevsky’ palimpsest). The analysis of poetics, structure, and semantics of the confined space in “Sanatorium Zone” gives the basis for marking the innovative role of the story by Mykola Khvylovyi in the establishment of the Ukrainian model of modernism.
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