麦克尤恩小说《教训》(2022)中问题-主题情结的得分:“英雄之路”的主题

D. Drozdovskyi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在本文中,作者探讨了伊恩·麦克尤恩的后后现代小说《教训》(2022)中所阐述的问题-主题景观。对这位英国作家的文学作品的哲学方面进行了研究,特别是对塑造主人公世界观的环境问题的表现(罗兰)。阐明了小说的体裁规范,概述了小说《教训》所运用的体裁形式。重点是浪漫话语主题的强化(重点是通过音乐表现的形而上学/先验现象),这是英国后后现代小说的一个普遍类型特征。问题-主题综合体的范围界定了小说的存在主义和认识论景观:情爱和死亡方面的相互作用在主人公的生活中,性的问题,罗兰的母题的到来,意识到地球对人类的威胁,在20世纪下半叶人类生命的脆弱性。将罗兰生活中的具体事件与历史、社会和政治事件进行比较,特别是具体事件与一般事件在小说空间中的相互作用。重点论述了麦克尤恩《课程》中道路母题的解释形式,包括自我发现、反思错误和自我完善等子母题。这样,小说的主题方面揭示了神秘的元体裁模式,这与后现代小说对现实的狂欢化是对立的。主人公明白政治制度的危机和不惜一切代价征服个人的意识形态的危险。苏联的政策间接地影响了年轻的英国人罗兰世界观的形成,使他有机会通过对假想可能发生的核爆炸的理解,第一次接受自己的有限性。作为苏联意识形态的后果,小说中讨论的第二个全球问题是切尔诺贝利灾难。小说揭示了主人公生命中存在意义范畴和价值的形成阶段。侦探情节围绕小说中的关键阴谋展开,与对权力的社会批判、一般的政治话语、环境政策等交织在一起,将怀疑和讽刺与罗兰对人类本质的探索结合在一起,既包括物质的,也包括形而上学的。
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THE SCORE OF PROBLEM-THEMATIC COMPLEXES IN I. MCEWAN’S NOVEL “LESSONS” (2022): THE TOPIC OF “THE WAY OF THE HERO”
In the paper, the author explores the problem-thematic landscape explicated in Ian McEwan’s post-postmodern novel “Lessons” (2022). Philosophical aspects of the literary work by the British writer have been studied, in particular, the representation of environmental issues that shape the worldview of the protagonist (Roland). The genre specification of the novel has been clarified, and the genre forms exploited in the novel Lessons have been outlined. Emphasis is placed on the reinforcement of the topics of romantic discourse (with a focus on the metaphysical/transcendental phenomenon represented through music), which is a general typological feature of the British post-postmodern novel. The scope of problem-thematic complexes that define the existential and epistemological landscape of the novel has been determined: the interaction of erotic and thanatological aspects in the life of the protagonist, problems of sexuality, the motif of Roland’s coming of age, awareness of the planetary threat to humanity, the fragility of human life in the second half – end of the 20th century. The specific events in Roland’s life are compared with historical, social and political events, particularly in terms of how the specific and general interact in the space of the novel. Emphasis is placed on the forms of explication of the road motif in McEwan’s Lessons, which involves the sub-motif of self-discovery, rethinking mistakes and self-improvement, etc. In this way, the thematic aspects of the novel reveal the meta-genre pattern of mystery, which opposes the carnivalization of reality in postmodern novels. The protagonist understands the crisis of political institutions and the danger of an ideology that seeks to conquer the individual at all costs. The policy of the USSR indirectly affects the formation of the worldview of the young British man, Roland, giving him the opportunity to accept for the first time his own finitude through the understanding of a hypothetically possible nuclear explosion. The second global problem discussed in the novel as a consequence of the Soviet ideology, is the Chernobyl disaster. The novel reveals the stages of formation of existentially significant categories and values in the life of the protagonist. The detective plot, which revolves around the key intrigue in the novel, intersects with social criticism of power, political discourse in general, environmental policy, etc., combining skepticism and irony with Roland’s attempt to find out the essence of human beings: both physical and metaphysical.
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