欧盟国家创意经济体系中信息和通信部门的结构变化:乌克兰的经验

M. Kichurchak
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摘要

在欧盟国家和乌克兰形成创意经济的主要因素之一是信息和通信部门(ICS)的发展。本文的目的是评价欧盟国家在形成和发展创意经济的条件下,工业技术产业的结构转型特点,并确定这种经验适应乌克兰社会和经济形势的主要方向。运用科学的方法归纳、演绎、分析、综合、变异统计评估和多重计量经济模型。作者指出,基于2008-2020年该部门在产出和就业中的份额逐步增加,ICS有助于乌克兰和欧盟国家创意经济的形成。已经形成了科学和方法论的方法来评估ICS作为创意经济组成部分的结构变化,包括:对欧盟国家和乌克兰之间ICS的产出(占GDP的百分比)和就业(占总数的百分比)的动态进行比较分析;通过计算ICS主要社会经济指标的变异范围、样本方差和变异系数,确定空间分异特征;并通过多元回归分析确定影响工业生产总值产出的因素(GDP的百分比)。2008-2020年,欧盟国家创意经济发展中存在着不同的动态影响,这可以通过产值(占GDP的百分比)和就业(占总量的百分比)的变化值的增加得到证实。根据多元回归分析的结果,笔者找到了影响欧盟国家工业增加值产出的因素,包括国家当前的社会经济状况、研发支出和失业支出。考虑到欧盟国家的经验,乌克兰必须鼓励以结构改革为基础的国际合作社的经济活动。
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STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SECTOR IN THE CREATIVE ECONOMY SYSTEM OF THE EU COUNTRIES: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE
One of the major factors to form a creative economy in the EU countries and Ukraine is the development of the information and communication sector (ICS). The purpose of the article is to evaluate the structural transformation peculiarities of the ICS in the EU countries in the conditions of forming and developing the creative economy and to determine the chief directions of adaptation of this experience to the social and economic situation in Ukraine. Scientific methods of induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, statistical evaluation of variation, and multiple econometric modelling are used. The author has specified that the ICS contributes to the formation of the creative economy in Ukraine and the EU countries, based on a gradual increase in the share of this sector in output and employment in 2008–2020. The scientific and methodological approach to evaluating of structural changes in the ICS as a component of the creative economy has been formed including: a comparative analysis of the dynamics of output (% of GDP) and employment (% of total) in the ICS between the EU countries and Ukraine; determining the features of spatial differentiation based on calculating the scope of variation, sample variance and coefficient of variation for the main social and economic indicators of ICS; and identifying factors that affect output of the ICS (% of GDP) by means of the multiple regression analysis. In 2008–2020, the existence of different dynamics of the sector’s impact on the development of creative economy in the EU countries is substantiated via the increase in the value of variation in terms of output (% of GDP) and employment (% of total). According to the results of multiple regression analysis, the author has found out the factors influencing the output of the ICS in the EU countries, which include the current social and economic situation in the country, and the amount of expenditures on R&D and on unemployment. Taking into account the experience of the EU countries, it is important for Ukraine to encourage economic activities in the ICS, which are based on structural reforms.
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