Recent Developments in Detection and Biological Indicators of Alcoholism

SUMMARY Although doctors are uniquely placed to detect hazardous or harmful drinking and alcoholism, much research has documented that these problems are underdiagnosed in clinical settings. This paper summarizes recent developments of easy-to-use and brief questionnaires that health professionals can use to screen patients for heavy drinking/alcoholism. These instruments can be combined with laboratory indicators of the metabolic and biochemical effects of excessive alcohol consumption. New biochemical indicators of alcoholism as well as recent investigations of biological indicators of vulnerability (trait markers) to develop alcoholism are also reviewed. This information, together with the reasons why health professionals need to be involved in screening patients for alcohol abuse/alcoholism, should be included in medical education curriculum and continuing education programs.