时间之箭和量子物理学

IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI:10.1007/s10701-023-00728-4
Detlev Buchholz, Klaus Fredenhagen
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引用次数: 1

摘要

基于(不可逆的)时间箭头在任何系统中都是固有的假设,无论系统有多小,都讨论了结果。在局部量子物理学的框架内,证明了这种时间的半群作用如何能够一致地扩展到闵可夫斯基空间中的时空平移群。然而,在无质量激发态存在的情况下,在时间平移到过去的理论延伸中出现了模糊性。确定了相应状态的量子信息随时间的损失。最后,解释了如何将经典术语中的操作描述与时间之箭施加的约束相结合,从而形成量子理论框架。这些结果表明,时间之箭在本质上是基本的,而不仅仅是第二定律所依据的统计效应的结果。
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Arrow of Time and Quantum Physics

Based on the hypothesis that the (non-reversible) arrow of time is intrinsic in any system, no matter how small, the consequences are discussed. Within the framework of local quantum physics it is shown how such a semi-group action of time can consistently be extended to that of the group of spacetime translations in Minkowski space. In presence of massless excitations, however, there arise ambiguities in the theoretical extensions of the time translations to the past. The corresponding loss of quantum information on states upon time is determined. Finally, it is explained how the description of operations in classical terms combined with constraints imposed by the arrow of time leads to a quantum theoretical framework. These results suggest that the arrow of time is fundamental in nature and not merely a consequence of statistical effects on which the Second Law is based.

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来源期刊
Foundations of Physics
Foundations of Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
104
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The conceptual foundations of physics have been under constant revision from the outset, and remain so today. Discussion of foundational issues has always been a major source of progress in science, on a par with empirical knowledge and mathematics. Examples include the debates on the nature of space and time involving Newton and later Einstein; on the nature of heat and of energy; on irreversibility and probability due to Boltzmann; on the nature of matter and observation measurement during the early days of quantum theory; on the meaning of renormalisation, and many others. Today, insightful reflection on the conceptual structure utilised in our efforts to understand the physical world is of particular value, given the serious unsolved problems that are likely to demand, once again, modifications of the grammar of our scientific description of the physical world. The quantum properties of gravity, the nature of measurement in quantum mechanics, the primary source of irreversibility, the role of information in physics – all these are examples of questions about which science is still confused and whose solution may well demand more than skilled mathematics and new experiments. Foundations of Physics is a privileged forum for discussing such foundational issues, open to physicists, cosmologists, philosophers and mathematicians. It is devoted to the conceptual bases of the fundamental theories of physics and cosmology, to their logical, methodological, and philosophical premises. The journal welcomes papers on issues such as the foundations of special and general relativity, quantum theory, classical and quantum field theory, quantum gravity, unified theories, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, cosmology, and similar.
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