高能球磨蒙脱土吸附去除水溶液中铯、锶和铀离子的效果

Iryna Kovalchuk, Oleg Zakutevskyy, Volodymyr Sydorchuk, Olena Diyuk, Andrey Lakhnik
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摘要

粘土矿物被广泛用于处理含有放射性核素的地下水和地表水。本研究采用机械化学活化法提高天然粘土矿物蒙脱土的吸附能力。通过调整磨矿时间,确定了机械化学活化蒙脱土的增吸附参数。采用x射线衍射法、扫描电镜法和低温氮吸附-解吸比表面积法对天然蒙脱石和机械化学活化蒙脱石进行了表征。结果表明,机械化学处理2 h后,蒙脱土对铀、锶、铯的吸附量达到最大。机械化学处理时间不同,蒙脱土表面不同性质离子的填充方式也不同。建立了蒙脱土经机械化学活化后对铀、锶、铯离子吸附参数的Langmuir和Freundlich模型的适用性。研究了天然有机物腐植酸对机械活化蒙脱土净化铀水效率的影响。所获得的吸附剂可有效地用于从污染的地表水和地下水中去除不同化学性质的痕量放射性核素(铀、铯和锶)。
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The Effect of High-Energy Ball Milling of Montmorillonite for Adsorptive Removal of Cesium, Strontium, and Uranium Ions from Aqueous Solution
Clay minerals are widely used to treat groundwater and surface water containing radionuclides. In our study, the method of mechanochemical activation for increasing the sorption capacity of the natural clay mineral montmorillonite was used. By adjusting the grinding time, the increasing sorption parameters of mechanochemically activated montmorillonite were determined. X-ray diffraction method, scanning electron microscopy, and the determination of the specific surface by low-temperature adsorption–desorption of nitrogen to characterize the natural and mechanochemical-activated montmorillonites were used. It was established that the maximal sorption of uranium, strontium, and cesium is found for montmorillonite after mechanochemical treatment for 2 h. It is shown that the filling of the surface of montmorillonite with ions of different natures occurs in various ways during different times of mechanochemical treatment. The appropriateness of the Langmuir and Freundlich models for the sorption parameters of uranium, strontium, and cesium ions on montmorillonite after its mechanochemical activation was established. The effect of natural organic substances—humic acids—on the efficiency of water purification from uranium on mechanoactivated montmorillonite was studied. The obtained sorbents can be effectively used for the removal of trace amounts of radionuclides of different chemical natures (uranium, cesium, and strontium) from polluted surface and ground waters.
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