Moduli Spaces for the Fifth Painlevé Equation

Isomonodromy for the fifth Painlevé equation ${\rm P}_5$ is studied in detail in the context of certain moduli spaces for connections, monodromy, the Riemann-Hilbert morphism, and Okamoto-Painlevé spaces. This involves explicit formulas for Stokes matrices and parabolic structures. The rank 4 Lax pair for ${\rm P}_5$, introduced by Noumi-Yamada et al., is shown to be induced by a natural fine moduli space of connections of rank 4. As a by-product one obtains a polynomial Hamiltonian for ${\rm P}_5$, equivalent to the one of Okamoto.