New bispectral polynomials orthogonal on a Bannai-Ito bi-lattice (uniform quadri-lattice) are obtained from an unconventional truncation of the untruncated Bannai-Ito and complementary Bannai-Ito polynomials. A complete characterization of the resulting para-Bannai-Ito polynomials is provided, including a three term recurrence relation, a Dunkl-difference equation, an explicit expression in terms of hypergeometric series and an orthogonality relation. They are also derived as a $qto -1$ limit of the $q$-para-Racah polynomials. A connection to the dual $-1$ Hahn polynomials is also established.
{"title":"Para-Bannai-Ito Polynomials","authors":"Jonathan Pelletier, Luc Vinet, Alexei Zhedanov","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.090","url":null,"abstract":"New bispectral polynomials orthogonal on a Bannai-Ito bi-lattice (uniform quadri-lattice) are obtained from an unconventional truncation of the untruncated Bannai-Ito and complementary Bannai-Ito polynomials. A complete characterization of the resulting para-Bannai-Ito polynomials is provided, including a three term recurrence relation, a Dunkl-difference equation, an explicit expression in terms of hypergeometric series and an orthogonality relation. They are also derived as a $qto -1$ limit of the $q$-para-Racah polynomials. A connection to the dual $-1$ Hahn polynomials is also established.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"111 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We deal with suitable nonlinear versions of Jauregui's isocapacitary mass in 3-manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature and compact outermost minimal boundary. These masses, which depend on a parameter $1 < pleq 2$, interpolate between Jauregui's mass $p=2$ and Huisken's isoperimetric mass, as $p to 1^+$. We derive positive mass theorems for these masses under mild conditions at infinity, and we show that these masses do coincide with the ADM mass when the latter is defined. We finally work out a nonlinear potential theoretic proof of the Penrose inequality in the optimal asymptotic regime.
研究了具有非负标量曲率和紧致最外极小边界的3流形中Jauregui等电容质量的合适非线性形式。这些质量依赖于一个参数$1 < pleq 2$，在Jauregui的质量$p=2$和Huisken的等周质量$p to 1^+$之间进行插值。我们在无限远处的温和条件下推导出这些质量的正质量定理，并证明这些质量确实与ADM质量一致，当后者被定义时。最后给出了Penrose不等式在最优渐近域下的非线性势理论证明。
{"title":"Nonlinear Isocapacitary Concepts of Mass in 3-Manifolds with Nonnegative Scalar Curvature","authors":"Luca Benatti, Mattia Fogagnolo, Lorenzo Mazzieri","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.091","url":null,"abstract":"We deal with suitable nonlinear versions of Jauregui's isocapacitary mass in 3-manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature and compact outermost minimal boundary. These masses, which depend on a parameter $1 < pleq 2$, interpolate between Jauregui's mass $p=2$ and Huisken's isoperimetric mass, as $p to 1^+$. We derive positive mass theorems for these masses under mild conditions at infinity, and we show that these masses do coincide with the ADM mass when the latter is defined. We finally work out a nonlinear potential theoretic proof of the Penrose inequality in the optimal asymptotic regime.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"112 29","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show the relation of the non-stationary difference equation proposed by one of the authors and the quantized discrete Painlevé VI equation. The five-dimensional Seiberg-Witten curve associated with the difference equation has a consistent four-dimensional limit. We also show that the original equation can be factorized as a coupled system for a pair of functions $bigl(mathcal{F}^{(1)},mathcal{F}^{(2)}bigr)$, which is a consequence of the identification of the Hamiltonian as a translation element in the extended affine Weyl group. We conjecture that the instanton partition function coming from the affine Laumon space provides a solution to the coupled system.
{"title":"on-Stationary Difference Equation and Affine Laumon Space: Quantization of Discrete Painlevé Equation","authors":"Hidetoshi Awata, Koji Hasegawa, Hiroaki Kanno, Ryo Ohkawa, Shamil Shakirov, Jun'ichi Shiraishi, Yasuhiko Yamada","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.089","url":null,"abstract":"We show the relation of the non-stationary difference equation proposed by one of the authors and the quantized discrete Painlevé VI equation. The five-dimensional Seiberg-Witten curve associated with the difference equation has a consistent four-dimensional limit. We also show that the original equation can be factorized as a coupled system for a pair of functions $bigl(mathcal{F}^{(1)},mathcal{F}^{(2)}bigr)$, which is a consequence of the identification of the Hamiltonian as a translation element in the extended affine Weyl group. We conjecture that the instanton partition function coming from the affine Laumon space provides a solution to the coupled system.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We prove a new general Poincaré-type inequality for differential forms on compact Riemannian manifolds with nonempty boundary. When the boundary is isometrically immersed in Euclidean space, we derive a new inequality involving mean and scalar curvatures of the boundary only and characterize its limiting case in codimension one. A new Ros-type inequality for differential forms is also derived assuming the existence of a nonzero parallel form on the manifold.
{"title":"A Poincaré Formula for Differential Forms and Applications","authors":"Nicolas Ginoux, Georges Habib, Simon Raulot","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.088","url":null,"abstract":"We prove a new general Poincaré-type inequality for differential forms on compact Riemannian manifolds with nonempty boundary. When the boundary is isometrically immersed in Euclidean space, we derive a new inequality involving mean and scalar curvatures of the boundary only and characterize its limiting case in codimension one. A new Ros-type inequality for differential forms is also derived assuming the existence of a nonzero parallel form on the manifold.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"116 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We derive an explicit formula for the connected $(n,m)$-point functions associated to an arbitrary diagonal tau-function $tau_f(boldsymbol{t}^+,boldsymbol{t}^-)$ of the 2d Toda lattice hierarchy using fermionic computations and the boson-fermion correspondence. Then for fixed $boldsymbol{t}^-$, we compute the KP-affine coordinates of $tau_f(boldsymbol{t}^+,boldsymbol{t}^-)$. As applications, we present a unified approach to compute various types of connected double Hurwitz numbers, including the ordinary double Hurwitz numbers, the double Hurwitz numbers with completed $r$-cycles, and the mixed double Hurwitz numbers. We also apply this method to the computation of the stationary Gromov-Witten invariants of $mathbb P^1$ relative to two points.
{"title":"Diagonal Tau-Functions of 2D Toda Lattice Hierarchy, Connected $(n,m)$-Point Functions, and Double Hurwitz Numbers","authors":"Zhiyuan Wang, Chenglang Yang","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.085","url":null,"abstract":"We derive an explicit formula for the connected $(n,m)$-point functions associated to an arbitrary diagonal tau-function $tau_f(boldsymbol{t}^+,boldsymbol{t}^-)$ of the 2d Toda lattice hierarchy using fermionic computations and the boson-fermion correspondence. Then for fixed $boldsymbol{t}^-$, we compute the KP-affine coordinates of $tau_f(boldsymbol{t}^+,boldsymbol{t}^-)$. As applications, we present a unified approach to compute various types of connected double Hurwitz numbers, including the ordinary double Hurwitz numbers, the double Hurwitz numbers with completed $r$-cycles, and the mixed double Hurwitz numbers. We also apply this method to the computation of the stationary Gromov-Witten invariants of $mathbb P^1$ relative to two points.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"24 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inspired by the work of Fischer-Marsden [Duke Math. J. 42 (1975), 519-547], we study in this paper the deformation of the weighted scalar curvature. By studying the kernel of the formal $L_phi^2$-adjoint for the linearization of the weighted scalar curvature, we prove several geometric results. In particular, we define a weighted vacuum static space, and study locally conformally flat weighted vacuum static spaces. We then prove some stability results of the weighted scalar curvature on flat spaces. Finally, we consider the prescribed weighted scalar curvature problem on closed smooth metric measure spaces.
{"title":"Deformation of the Weighted Scalar Curvature","authors":"Pak Tung Ho, Jinwoo Shin","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.087","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by the work of Fischer-Marsden [Duke Math. J. 42 (1975), 519-547], we study in this paper the deformation of the weighted scalar curvature. By studying the kernel of the formal $L_phi^2$-adjoint for the linearization of the weighted scalar curvature, we prove several geometric results. In particular, we define a weighted vacuum static space, and study locally conformally flat weighted vacuum static spaces. We then prove some stability results of the weighted scalar curvature on flat spaces. Finally, we consider the prescribed weighted scalar curvature problem on closed smooth metric measure spaces.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"26 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We prove the unitarity of the separation of variables transform for $mathrm{SL}(2,mathbb C)$ spin chains by a method based on the use of Gustafson integrals.
{"title":"Unitarity of the SoV Transform for $mathrm{SL}(2,mathbb C)$ Spin Chains","authors":"Alexander N. Manashov","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.086","url":null,"abstract":"We prove the unitarity of the separation of variables transform for $mathrm{SL}(2,mathbb C)$ spin chains by a method based on the use of Gustafson integrals.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"23 3‐4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show that the hyperbolic manifold $mathbb{H}^n/mathbb{Z}^{n-2}$ is not rigid under all compactly supported deformations that preserve the scalar curvature lower bound $-n(n-1)$, and that it is rigid under deformations that are further constrained by certain topological conditions. In addition, we prove two related splitting results.
{"title":"Rigidity and Non-Rigidity of $mathbb{H}^n/mathbb{Z}^{n-2}$ with Scalar Curvature Bounded from Below","authors":"Tianze Hao, Yuhao Hu, Peng Liu, Yuguang Shi","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.083","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the hyperbolic manifold $mathbb{H}^n/mathbb{Z}^{n-2}$ is not rigid under all compactly supported deformations that preserve the scalar curvature lower bound $-n(n-1)$, and that it is rigid under deformations that are further constrained by certain topological conditions. In addition, we prove two related splitting results.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We discuss a matrix of periodic holomorphic functions in the upper and lower half-plane which can be obtained from a factorization of an Andersen-Kashaev state integral of a knot complement with remarkable analytic and asymptotic properties that defines a ${rm PSL}_2({mathbb Z})$-cocycle on the space of matrix-valued piecewise analytic functions on the real numbers. We identify the corresponding cocycle with the one coming from the Kashaev invariant of a knot (and its matrix-valued extension) via the refined quantum modularity conjecture of [arXiv:2111.06645] and also relate the matrix-valued invariant with the 3D-index of Dimofte-Gaiotto-Gukov. The cocycle also has an analytic extendability property that leads to the notion of a matrix-valued holomorphic quantum modular form. This is a tale of several independent discoveries, both empirical and theoretical, all illustrated by the three simplest hyperbolic knots.
{"title":"Knots and Their Related $q$-Series","authors":"Stavros Garoufalidis, Don Zagier","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.082","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss a matrix of periodic holomorphic functions in the upper and lower half-plane which can be obtained from a factorization of an Andersen-Kashaev state integral of a knot complement with remarkable analytic and asymptotic properties that defines a ${rm PSL}_2({mathbb Z})$-cocycle on the space of matrix-valued piecewise analytic functions on the real numbers. We identify the corresponding cocycle with the one coming from the Kashaev invariant of a knot (and its matrix-valued extension) via the refined quantum modularity conjecture of [arXiv:2111.06645] and also relate the matrix-valued invariant with the 3D-index of Dimofte-Gaiotto-Gukov. The cocycle also has an analytic extendability property that leads to the notion of a matrix-valued holomorphic quantum modular form. This is a tale of several independent discoveries, both empirical and theoretical, all illustrated by the three simplest hyperbolic knots.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determining if an (1+1)-differential-difference equation is integrable or not (in the sense of possessing an infinite number of symmetries) can be reduced to the study of the dependence of the equation on the lattice points, according to Yamilov's theorem. We shall apply this result to a class of differential-difference equations obtained as partial continuous limits of 3-points difference equations in the plane and conclude that they cannot be integrable.
{"title":"Non-Existence of S-Integrable Three-Point Partial Difference Equations in the Lattice Plane","authors":"Decio Levi, Miguel A. Rodríguez","doi":"10.3842/sigma.2023.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2023.084","url":null,"abstract":"Determining if an (1+1)-differential-difference equation is integrable or not (in the sense of possessing an infinite number of symmetries) can be reduced to the study of the dependence of the equation on the lattice points, according to Yamilov's theorem. We shall apply this result to a class of differential-difference equations obtained as partial continuous limits of 3-points difference equations in the plane and conclude that they cannot be integrable.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"264 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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