Hemodialysis Vascular Access and Care

Hemodialysis remains the most widely used method for treating renal failure. Life expectancy and quality in hemodialysis are directly proportional to the quality of dialysis, and this quality depends on the reliability and integrity of the patient’s vascular access route. The ideal vascular access route provides reliable, uncomplicated access to dialysis and is also suitable for the patient’s needs. Hemodialysis vascular access options have not changed substantially over the past six decades, and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains the access of choice. Although AVF is a vascular intervention recommended and preferred in clinical practice guidelines for hemodialysis, it can develop into serious complications such as thrombosis, hematoma, edema, peripheral ischemia, bleeding, and infection. To prevent these complications, it is extremely important to educate patients about AVF care. This review has been prepared as a guide for healthcare professionals who care for hemodialysis patients.