北马其顿加入欧盟要求的演变

Mila Minovska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于北马其顿共和国近二十年来一直是欧盟成员国的候选国,本文的目的是阐明马其顿加入欧盟之前所设定的条件和要求,以及这些条件和要求在这一时期的演变。为此目的,审查了欧洲委员会关于马其顿进展情况的年度报告。此外,对马其顿宏观经济指标的发展进行了分析,然后对中欧和东欧国家- -欧洲联盟成员国- -在加入时的经济发展状况进行了比较分析。事实证明,欧盟扩大进程自成立以来发生了重大变化。随着时间的推移,欧盟内部政治环境的变化导致了规则和标准的显著加强和收紧。最近几次入盟的低效促使欧盟再次改变入盟谈判进程,并引入政治多于经济的新入盟进程。以马其顿为例,是政治而非经济要求导致该国陷入了加入欧盟的进程。马其顿在研究期间取得的经济成果虽然低于欧盟的平均水平,但仍高于一些中东欧国家加入欧盟时的经济成果。因此,毫无疑问,马其顿加入欧盟的道路受到政治障碍的制约,同样的情况今天仍在继续。但仍未解决的主要问题是,这种日益政治化的程序是否与欧盟引以为傲的择优体系相矛盾。
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The evolution of EU accession requirements for North Macedonia
Since Republic of North Macedonia has been a candidate country for European Union membership for almost two decades, the goal of this article is to shed a light on the conditions and requirements that were set before Macedonia and their evolution for this time period. For that purpose the article, annual reports of the European Commission on Macedonia’s progress were reviewed. Further on, analysis of the development of Macedonia’s macroeconomic indicators was carried out which was followed by a comparative analysis of the state of the economic development of the Central and Eastern European countries - member states of the European Union, at the moment of their accession. It was established that the EU enlargement process have undergone significant changes since its foundation. Over time, the changed political environment within the EU has led to a significant strengthening and tightening of the rules and criteria. The inefficiency of the latest accessions provoked the EU once again to change the accession negotiation process and introduce new accession process that is significantly more political than economic. In Macedonia’s case, it was political and not economic requirements that led to the country becoming stuck in its EU accession process. The economic results achieved by Macedonia during the researched period, even though lower than the average for the union, were still higher that the results shown by some Central and Eastern European counties at the time when they became members of the EU. Therefore, is no doubt, that Macedonia’s path to the EU was conditioned by political obstacles, the same situation continues today. But the major question that still stand unanswered is weather this kind increased politicization of the process is contradictory to the merit-based system the EU prides itself on.
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