为何恐惧恐怖主义并非不合理

IF 0.7 2区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI:10.1111/japp.12689
Eran Fish
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一种常见的观点认为,由于我们在道路或家庭事故中丧生的可能性远大于恐怖袭击,因此我们对后者的恐惧被夸大了。我认为,恐怖主义造成的死亡人数相对有限,这并不意味着对它的恐惧是不合理的,也不意味着反恐政策是不合理的--无论这些政策会引起其他什么合理的担忧。首先,我认为在恐怖主义的特殊情况下,像批评者通常所做的那样关注人均风险是一种误导。其次,虽然恐怖主义有一个与决策相关的概率因素,但风险并不完全是、甚至主要是恐怖主义的本质。第三,我认为,即使认识到个人受到伤害的概率很小,对恐怖主义的恐惧也可能是合理的。由于恐怖主义的随机性,相信自己不会受到伤害的信念只能依赖于统计证据。正如我所解释的,这就为合理怀疑和合理恐惧留下了一定的空间。
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Why It Is Not Unreasonable to Fear Terrorism

A common view has it that since we are far likelier to be killed in some road or household accident than in a terror attack, our fear of the latter is exaggerated. I argue that terrorism's relatively limited death toll need not mean that fearing it is unreasonable, nor does it immediately imply that counter-terrorism policies are unjustified – whatever other, legitimate concerns these policies give rise to. First, I argue that in the special case of terrorism, it is misleading to focus on risk per capita, as critics typically do. Second, while terrorism has a probabilistic component which should be relevant to decision-making, risk is not entirely or even primarily what terrorism is all about. Third, I argue that fearing terrorism may be reasonable even while recognizing the small probability of personal harm. Due to terrorism's random character, the belief that one will escape harm rests on little more than statistical evidence. As I explain, this leaves some room for reasonable doubt, and a justified level of fear.

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2.20
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0.00%
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71
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