Osteosarcoma of Maxilla - An Unusual Entity: Case Report and Review of Literature

Malignant bone tumors are rare malignancies of which osteosarcomas are the most common considering bone marrow tumors are excluded. They account for approximately 6-10% of jaw lesions and affect the mandible more often than the maxilla. A review of literature shows there are rare cases of osteosarcomas reported in the maxilla; however, given the lack of specific signs and a diverse range of radiographic features, the diagnosis is often difficult and requires a multidisciplinary discussion. This is the case report of a 56-year-old female presenting a well-defined, dome-shaped firm swelling with radiographic features of extensive destruction of the buccal cortical bone in the maxillary right posterior region. Early diagnosis helped in the better prognosis of the patient. She is undergoing regular follow-ups to ensure no recurrences of this aggressive lesion. Osteosarcoma of the jaw is difficult to diagnose and manage due to the high frequency of errors in biopsy results, the few specific radiological characteristics, and difficulties in appropriate resections because of the proximity to vital structures. Through the years, the survival of patients has greatly improved, due to an aggressive systemic approach and refined surgical and reconstructive techniques. However, for purposes of management, emphasis should be laid on the aggressiveness of this lesion which warrants an early identification and diagnosis of the lesion followed by prompt treatment.