生产场所空气环境特点 钴盐萃取装置

Alexander N. Nikanov, Valery P. Chashchin, Ekaterina V. Ulanovskaya, Andrey I. Zaichenko, Alena V. Shilnikovskaya, Andrey B. Gudkov, Olga N. Popova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

介绍。在冶金工业中采用从矿物矿石中提取金属的新的现代方法时,应同时对工作条件进行专家卫生评价。& # x0D;材料和方法。这项研究是在摩尔曼斯克地区的一家冶金企业进行的,该企业加工硫化铜镍矿石,生产电解镍、铜、钴、钴精矿和贵金属精矿。在对50个样品进行分析的基础上,对湿法冶金工人工作场所钴盐萃取部的空气环境特征进行了分析。在工作班次的75.0%时间内,在钴盐提取的所有三个阶段(部分)同时使用单个采样器采集空气样本。金属的测定采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法。 结果。湿法冶金人员体内建立了受许多有害物质影响的复杂成分,其中水溶性和水不溶性化合物镍和钴最为显著。钴盐各萃取点镍钴水溶性化合物含量为0.0066 ~ 0.0236 mg/m3和0.0147 ~ 0.303 mg/m3,水不溶性化合物含量为0.0043 ~ 0.0150 mg/m3和0.002 ~ 0.0163 mg/m3。所有样品的工作区空气中铜、铅、镉化合物浓度均未超过MPC。 的局限性。研究仅限于钴盐萃取部冶金操作工工作区域的50个空气样本。 结论。因此,通过萃取获得钴盐的现代方法可能对从事这一生产的工人的健康构成真正的威胁。需要使用正确的模型来评估和管理水溶性和水不溶性金属化合物(镍、钴)对人类健康的有害影响的风险,这就要求制定一种特殊的方法,对封闭工业场所吸入的气雾剂部分的含量实施卫生管制。
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Characteristics of the air environment of the production premises of the cobalt salts extraction unit
Introduction. The introduction of new and modern methods of extracting metals from mineral ores in the metallurgical industry should be accompanied by an expert hygienic assessment of working conditions. Materials and methods. The research was carried out at one of the metallurgical enterprises of the Murmansk region, which processes sulfide copper-nickel ores, produces electrolyte nickel, copper, cobalt, cobalt concentrate and precious metal concentrates. The characteristics of the air environment in the cobalt salt extraction department were carried out at the workplaces of hydrometallurgists based on the results of the analysis of fifty samples. Air samples were taken using individual samplers during 75.0% of the time of the work shift simultaneously at all three stages (sections) of cobalt salt extraction. The measurement of metals was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Results. Apparatchiks-hydrometallurgists body was estabished to be affected by a lot of harmful substances of complex composition, water-soluble and water-insoluble compounds of nickel and cobalt where the most significant. The content of water-soluble compounds of nickel and cobalt at all extraction sites of cobalt salts ranged from 0.0066–0.0236 mg/m3 and 0.0147–0.303 mg/m3, whereas water-insoluble – 0.0043–0.0150 mg/m3 and 0.002–0.0163 mg/ m3. The concentrations of copper, lead, cadmium compounds in the air of the working area did not exceed the MPC in all samples. Limitations. The study is limited of 50 air samples of the working areas of the metallurgical operators of the cobalt salt extraction department. Conclusion. Thus, modern methods of obtaining cobalt salts by extraction can pose a real threat to the health of workers in this production. The need to use correct models to assess and manage the risks of the harmful effects of water-soluble and water-insoluble metal compounds (nickel, cobalt) on human health requires the development of a special methodology for the implementation of hygienic regulation of their content in inhaled aerosol fractions of closed industrial premises.
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来源期刊
Gigiena i sanitariia
Gigiena i sanitariia Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
0.80
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0.00%
发文量
192
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