Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-975-980
Elvira F. Repina, Tat'yana G. Yakupova, Denis O. Karimov, Gulnara V. Timasheva, Elmira R. Shaikhlislamova, Ahat B. Bakirov, Alfiya R. Gimadieva, Nadezhda Yu. Khusnutdinova, Samat S. Baygildin, Aidar R. Akhmadeev
Introduction. Acrylamide used industrially is also widely known to be a toxic compound produced during high temperature cooking. Given the danger of its entry into the body, it is important to continue fundamental research to study the mechanism of its toxicity and search for effective ways to correct the disorders caused by it.
The purpose of the research is to study the features of metabolic changes in the liver of rats under conditions of chronic exposure to acrylamide and evaluate the effectiveness of their preventive correction with oxymethyluracil complex compounds.
Materials and methods. Studies were performed on sixty white outbred male rats weighing 180–200 g. Acrylamide was administered intragastrically at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight for 90 days. Correction of possible disorders was carried out 1 hour before the administration of the toxicant with complex compounds of oxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid (MG-1), with sodium succinate (MG-2) and acetylcysteine (MG-10). Biochemical parameters were studied after
45 and 90 days of the experiment.
Results. Studies have shown long-term intake of acrylamide at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight to lead to metabolic disorders. A statistically significant increase in the activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was found. Statistically significant differences in the level of activity of ALT, alkaline phosphatase and SOD for the period of the experiment of 45 days compared with the positive control group were established in the group receiving the MG-10 preparation. After 90 days, in the group of animals treated with the MG-2 preparation, the activity of ALT and alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly. The introduction of the drug MG-10 had a statistically significant effect on ALT activity, reducing it to the level in the negative control group of animals treated with distilled water.
Limitations of the study are related to the correction with complex compounds of oxymethyluracil carried out only in a prophylactic regimen. For the final judgment on their protective effectiveness, it is necessary to introduce them in the accompanying and restorative regimes, as well as to study other biochemical parameters when exposed to acrylamide.
Conclusion. The best protective effect at a period of 45 days was shown by a complex compound of oxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine, at a period of 90 days –
a complex compound of oxymethyluracil with sodium succinate.
{"title":"Features of metabolic changes in the liver in experimental animals under chronic exposure to acrylamide and against the background of its preventive correction","authors":"Elvira F. Repina, Tat'yana G. Yakupova, Denis O. Karimov, Gulnara V. Timasheva, Elmira R. Shaikhlislamova, Ahat B. Bakirov, Alfiya R. Gimadieva, Nadezhda Yu. Khusnutdinova, Samat S. Baygildin, Aidar R. Akhmadeev","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-975-980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-975-980","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Acrylamide used industrially is also widely known to be a toxic compound produced during high temperature cooking. Given the danger of its entry into the body, it is important to continue fundamental research to study the mechanism of its toxicity and search for effective ways to correct the disorders caused by it. 
 The purpose of the research is to study the features of metabolic changes in the liver of rats under conditions of chronic exposure to acrylamide and evaluate the effectiveness of their preventive correction with oxymethyluracil complex compounds.
 Materials and methods. Studies were performed on sixty white outbred male rats weighing 180–200 g. Acrylamide was administered intragastrically at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight for 90 days. Correction of possible disorders was carried out 1 hour before the administration of the toxicant with complex compounds of oxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid (MG-1), with sodium succinate (MG-2) and acetylcysteine (MG-10). Biochemical parameters were studied after 
 45 and 90 days of the experiment.
 Results. Studies have shown long-term intake of acrylamide at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight to lead to metabolic disorders. A statistically significant increase in the activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was found. Statistically significant differences in the level of activity of ALT, alkaline phosphatase and SOD for the period of the experiment of 45 days compared with the positive control group were established in the group receiving the MG-10 preparation. After 90 days, in the group of animals treated with the MG-2 preparation, the activity of ALT and alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly. The introduction of the drug MG-10 had a statistically significant effect on ALT activity, reducing it to the level in the negative control group of animals treated with distilled water.
 Limitations of the study are related to the correction with complex compounds of oxymethyluracil carried out only in a prophylactic regimen. For the final judgment on their protective effectiveness, it is necessary to introduce them in the accompanying and restorative regimes, as well as to study other biochemical parameters when exposed to acrylamide.
 Conclusion. The best protective effect at a period of 45 days was shown by a complex compound of oxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine, at a period of 90 days – 
 a complex compound of oxymethyluracil with sodium succinate.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136105105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-987-992
Vladimir G. Gaivoronskiy, Anna A. Kuzina, Sergey I. Kolesnikov, Tatiana V. Minnikova, Elena N. Nevedomaya, Kamil Sh. Kazeev
Introduction. The Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus is one of the most important recreational and tourist regions for Russia. In recent years, it has been subjected to a sharply increased anthropogenic load, due to an increase in the number of tourists, accompanied by an increase in traffic flows and, as a result, an increase in environmental pollution, including oil hydrocarbons. The risks of leakage of oil products during transportation and pumping are increasing. To predict and prevent dangerous consequences of pollution, it is necessary to determine the environmentally safe residual content of oil and oil products in the soil, based on the regional ecological and geochemical characteristics of soils.
Materials and methods. Laboratory modelling of contamination with oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) of sod-carbonate typical soil was carried out. To simulate pollution, oil and petroleum products were added to soil samples including fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel in a weight concentration of 1% (low pollution), 5% (medium pollution) and 10% (high pollution) of the soil mass. The exposure period lasted 30 days. After the specified period, changes in biological parameters (enzyme activity, radish root length, number of soil bacteria) were determined. Based on the listed parameters, the integral indicator of the biological state IIBS of the soil was calculated .
Results. Oil and oil products pollution negatively affected the biological properties of the studied soil. A significant decrease in enzymatic activity, the number of bacteria, and the length of plant roots was recorded. The range of toxicity of the studied substances on biological indicators of soils is as follows: oil > fuel oil > gasoline > diesel fuel. The study made it possible to determine the maximum level of residual content of oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) in the refinery. For oil, it is 0.27%, for gasoline – 0.40%, for fuel oil – 0.30%, for diesel fuel – 0.45%.
Limitations. The proposed limit levels of residual oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) in soils are applicable primarily on the territory of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.
Conclusion. The proposed limit levels of the residual content of oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) in the soils of the refinery area can be used by environmental, agricultural and scientific organizations
{"title":"A method for determining the environmentally safe residual content of oil and petroleum products in soils","authors":"Vladimir G. Gaivoronskiy, Anna A. Kuzina, Sergey I. Kolesnikov, Tatiana V. Minnikova, Elena N. Nevedomaya, Kamil Sh. Kazeev","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-987-992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-987-992","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus is one of the most important recreational and tourist regions for Russia. In recent years, it has been subjected to a sharply increased anthropogenic load, due to an increase in the number of tourists, accompanied by an increase in traffic flows and, as a result, an increase in environmental pollution, including oil hydrocarbons. The risks of leakage of oil products during transportation and pumping are increasing. To predict and prevent dangerous consequences of pollution, it is necessary to determine the environmentally safe residual content of oil and oil products in the soil, based on the regional ecological and geochemical characteristics of soils.
 Materials and methods. Laboratory modelling of contamination with oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) of sod-carbonate typical soil was carried out. To simulate pollution, oil and petroleum products were added to soil samples including fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel in a weight concentration of 1% (low pollution), 5% (medium pollution) and 10% (high pollution) of the soil mass. The exposure period lasted 30 days. After the specified period, changes in biological parameters (enzyme activity, radish root length, number of soil bacteria) were determined. Based on the listed parameters, the integral indicator of the biological state IIBS of the soil was calculated .
 Results. Oil and oil products pollution negatively affected the biological properties of the studied soil. A significant decrease in enzymatic activity, the number of bacteria, and the length of plant roots was recorded. The range of toxicity of the studied substances on biological indicators of soils is as follows: oil > fuel oil > gasoline > diesel fuel. The study made it possible to determine the maximum level of residual content of oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) in the refinery. For oil, it is 0.27%, for gasoline – 0.40%, for fuel oil – 0.30%, for diesel fuel – 0.45%.
 Limitations. The proposed limit levels of residual oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) in soils are applicable primarily on the territory of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.
 Conclusion. The proposed limit levels of the residual content of oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) in the soils of the refinery area can be used by environmental, agricultural and scientific organizations","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136105257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-921-927
Olga V. Burmistrova, Sergey Yu. Perov, Maria V. Sazhina
Introduction. The article presents results of the study of the human body functional state when using a set of shielding personal protective equipment during modelling of electrical staff occupational activity in a hot environment.
Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the climatic chamber with an air temperature 35.5 ± 0.5 °C and a WGBT index of 30.0 ± 0.8 °C. Studies of the human body functional state were conducted with the participation of twelve volunteers who used a set of shunting shielding personal protective equipment and a control clothing set. The values of body temperature, skin both temperature and humidity, clothing temperature and humidity under dressing were recorded. General heat and local moisture perceptions were evaluated. During the research, the heart rate and metabolic rate were recorded by indirect calorimetry. The values of the average skin & body temperature, heart rate increase, changes in heat storage rate, as well as moisture exchange indicators were calculated.
Results. The results of the physiological cost assessment indicate that the use of a shielding personal protective equipment set compared to the control set led to a greater increase in core temperature (by 47.7%), higher values of average body temperature (by 1.3%), heat storage rate (by 24.2%), heart rate (by 24.7%), the metabolic rate (by 20.7%), moisture loss (by 55.6%).
Limitations. The study had limitations due to sample size of the included volunteers.
Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a significant change in the human body functional state and a critical risk of overheating when using shielding personal protective equipment. The use of a shielding clothing increases the physiological and energy cost of work, which is expressed in a gain in the metabolic rate level, oxygen consumption, and a work category elevation from IIa to IIb.
{"title":"Physiological deviations in the body when working in a heating environment in shunt shielding personal protective equipment","authors":"Olga V. Burmistrova, Sergey Yu. Perov, Maria V. Sazhina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-921-927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-921-927","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article presents results of the study of the human body functional state when using a set of shielding personal protective equipment during modelling of electrical staff occupational activity in a hot environment.
 Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the climatic chamber with an air temperature 35.5 ± 0.5 °C and a WGBT index of 30.0 ± 0.8 °C. Studies of the human body functional state were conducted with the participation of twelve volunteers who used a set of shunting shielding personal protective equipment and a control clothing set. The values of body temperature, skin both temperature and humidity, clothing temperature and humidity under dressing were recorded. General heat and local moisture perceptions were evaluated. During the research, the heart rate and metabolic rate were recorded by indirect calorimetry. The values of the average skin & body temperature, heart rate increase, changes in heat storage rate, as well as moisture exchange indicators were calculated. 
 Results. The results of the physiological cost assessment indicate that the use of a shielding personal protective equipment set compared to the control set led to a greater increase in core temperature (by 47.7%), higher values of average body temperature (by 1.3%), heat storage rate (by 24.2%), heart rate (by 24.7%), the metabolic rate (by 20.7%), moisture loss (by 55.6%).
 Limitations. The study had limitations due to sample size of the included volunteers.
 Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a significant change in the human body functional state and a critical risk of overheating when using shielding personal protective equipment. The use of a shielding clothing increases the physiological and energy cost of work, which is expressed in a gain in the metabolic rate level, oxygen consumption, and a work category elevation from IIa to IIb.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-954-961
Nina P. Setko, Andrey G. Setko, Olesya M. Zhdanova
Introduction. Alcohol use by young people remains a serious medical, social and economic problem that contributes significantly to disease worldwide.
The purpose of the study is to determine the socio-psychological features of the formation of alcohol consumption motives among students.
Materials and methods. Undergraduate and senior students of the Medical University were assessed the level of alcohol consumption using the screening test AUDIT (The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), developed by WHO (1989); motives for alcohol consumption using the questionnaire “Motivation of alcohol consumption” according to V.Yu. Zavyalova (1989); the level of social health according to the questionnaire of E.V. Tsikalyuk (2013), anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire developed by A.S. Zigmond, R.P. Snaith (1983), adapted
by A.W. Andryushchenko et al. (2003).
Results. At an acceptable level of alcohol consumption, with a relatively low risk of alcohol-associated problems (92.2%), the leading motives for alcohol consumption in 79.7% of students were established to be socio-psychological motives, the formation of which was due to the average level of social health, conformal social functioning characteristic of 85.9% of students, while the development of personal motives for alcohol consumption, which prevailed in only
a fifth of students (19.4%), was characterized by an increase in the level of anxiety by 1.4 times, a decrease in the level of social health by 1.2 times, relative
to these students with the dominance of socio-psychological motives.
Limitations. The lack of anonymity in conducting surveys, which affects the accuracy of the results obtained with the possibility of their underestimation, may be a limitation of the study.
Conclusion. The formation of a relatively low risk of alcohol-associated problems among the vast majority of students, the gain in the motivation for alcohol consumption and an increase in the proportion of students who abuse alcohol from junior to senior courses, dictates the need for preventive measures aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle that excludes alcohol consumption among students. Young people, which can be achieved by strengthening the educational component, developing a system for monitoring and controlling alcohol consumption, identifying students of the “risk group” with symptoms of anxiety and depression, a reduced level of social health and their correction.
{"title":"Socio-psychological features of the formation of alcohol consumption motivations among youth students","authors":"Nina P. Setko, Andrey G. Setko, Olesya M. Zhdanova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-954-961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-954-961","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Alcohol use by young people remains a serious medical, social and economic problem that contributes significantly to disease worldwide.
 The purpose of the study is to determine the socio-psychological features of the formation of alcohol consumption motives among students.
 Materials and methods. Undergraduate and senior students of the Medical University were assessed the level of alcohol consumption using the screening test AUDIT (The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), developed by WHO (1989); motives for alcohol consumption using the questionnaire “Motivation of alcohol consumption” according to V.Yu. Zavyalova (1989); the level of social health according to the questionnaire of E.V. Tsikalyuk (2013), anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire developed by A.S. Zigmond, R.P. Snaith (1983), adapted 
 by A.W. Andryushchenko et al. (2003).
 Results. At an acceptable level of alcohol consumption, with a relatively low risk of alcohol-associated problems (92.2%), the leading motives for alcohol consumption in 79.7% of students were established to be socio-psychological motives, the formation of which was due to the average level of social health, conformal social functioning characteristic of 85.9% of students, while the development of personal motives for alcohol consumption, which prevailed in only 
 a fifth of students (19.4%), was characterized by an increase in the level of anxiety by 1.4 times, a decrease in the level of social health by 1.2 times, relative 
 to these students with the dominance of socio-psychological motives.
 Limitations. The lack of anonymity in conducting surveys, which affects the accuracy of the results obtained with the possibility of their underestimation, may be a limitation of the study.
 Conclusion. The formation of a relatively low risk of alcohol-associated problems among the vast majority of students, the gain in the motivation for alcohol consumption and an increase in the proportion of students who abuse alcohol from junior to senior courses, dictates the need for preventive measures aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle that excludes alcohol consumption among students. Young people, which can be achieved by strengthening the educational component, developing a system for monitoring and controlling alcohol consumption, identifying students of the “risk group” with symptoms of anxiety and depression, a reduced level of social health and their correction.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-941-946
Ekaterina V. Ulanovskaya, Aleksandr A. Kovshov, Victor V. Shilov, Aleksandr N. Nikanov, Nadezhda I. Kuprina
Introduction. Occupational diseases of the upper extremities from physical (functional) overstrain occupy a leading place in the structure of occupational morbidity, with myofibrosis being the most common disease.
The aim of the study was to assess the course of myofibrosis against the background of generalized polyosteoarthritis using the ultrasound method.
Materials and methods. One hundred seventeen mining industry workers were examined. The main group consisted of 20 patients with an established diagnosis of 1st stage of myofibrosis and generalized osteoarthritis, the control group consisted of 97 patients with an established diagnosis of 1st stage of myofibrosis. Standard clinical and laboratory methods of examination, ultrasound examination of the muscles of the forearms and shoulders were performed.
Results. The median values of epimysium and muscle bundles thickness in both the main and control groups correspond to stage 1 of myofibrosis, while the median thickness of perimysium in the reference group corresponds to stage 1, and in main group it corresponds to stage 2. In addition, the 75th percentile of epimysium thickness, as well as the 25th percentile of muscle bundle thickness in the main group, also meet the criteria for stage 2 of myofibrosis.
Limitations. The study has gender restrictions (men were investigated), as well as restrictions on professions (mining workers).
Conclusions. According to the results of ultrasound examination, in the main group patients there are signs corresponding to the transition of myofibrosis to the second stage, which is characterized by a statistically significant increase in perimysium thickness, as well as a pronounced tendency of epimysium thickness increase and reduce of muscle bundle thickness. This is important when the disease is associated with occupation, allowing patients with a combination of myofibrosis and generalized osteoarthritis to establish a more severe stage of myofibrosis course, indicating a more pronounced degree of occupational work ability loss.
{"title":"Features of the course of occupational upper limb myofibrosis in patients with generalized polyosteoarthritis","authors":"Ekaterina V. Ulanovskaya, Aleksandr A. Kovshov, Victor V. Shilov, Aleksandr N. Nikanov, Nadezhda I. Kuprina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-941-946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-941-946","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Occupational diseases of the upper extremities from physical (functional) overstrain occupy a leading place in the structure of occupational morbidity, with myofibrosis being the most common disease.
 The aim of the study was to assess the course of myofibrosis against the background of generalized polyosteoarthritis using the ultrasound method.
 Materials and methods. One hundred seventeen mining industry workers were examined. The main group consisted of 20 patients with an established diagnosis of 1st stage of myofibrosis and generalized osteoarthritis, the control group consisted of 97 patients with an established diagnosis of 1st stage of myofibrosis. Standard clinical and laboratory methods of examination, ultrasound examination of the muscles of the forearms and shoulders were performed. 
 Results. The median values of epimysium and muscle bundles thickness in both the main and control groups correspond to stage 1 of myofibrosis, while the median thickness of perimysium in the reference group corresponds to stage 1, and in main group it corresponds to stage 2. In addition, the 75th percentile of epimysium thickness, as well as the 25th percentile of muscle bundle thickness in the main group, also meet the criteria for stage 2 of myofibrosis.
 Limitations. The study has gender restrictions (men were investigated), as well as restrictions on professions (mining workers).
 Conclusions. According to the results of ultrasound examination, in the main group patients there are signs corresponding to the transition of myofibrosis to the second stage, which is characterized by a statistically significant increase in perimysium thickness, as well as a pronounced tendency of epimysium thickness increase and reduce of muscle bundle thickness. This is important when the disease is associated with occupation, allowing patients with a combination of myofibrosis and generalized osteoarthritis to establish a more severe stage of myofibrosis course, indicating a more pronounced degree of occupational work ability loss.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-914-920
Dmitry V. Alpaev, Vasily V. Serikov, Ekaterina V. Dmitrieva, Natalya A. Kostenko, Evgeniy V. Zhovnerchuk
Introduction. The results of the study of features of the daily rhythm of blood pressure in people who constantly work in a rotational shift schedule, arising under the influence of night shift work, are discussed.
The purpose of the study was to determine the modifying effect of working night wakefulness on the parameters of the daily rhythm of blood pressure in persons employed in work with a night shift schedule.
Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out, in two cohorts of 19 years – 62 years employees of locomotive crews of Russian Railways. The study included drivers, assistant locomotive drivers, for at least 1 year, with night shifts n = 30,566, the number of measurements = 4,497,122, but borderline (high normal) blood pressure.
Results. The lowest levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were found to be recorded in a cohort of subjects per day with a night shift, the highest – in the general group of workers and in a cohort of subjects per day with a day shift.
The daily trend of SBP was characterized by a regular change of phases in all observation groups. In the general group, a subgroup of persons with normotonia, in a cohort of subjects, when working on a day shift, a DECLINE curve of the same type in configuration was formed.
Limitations. The representativeness of the sample size was ensured by the participation in the study of employees of locomotive crews with a range of ages
of 19-62 years. The limitations of the study are related to the distribution of respondents by gender: there are no female respondents in the sample.
Conclusions. Parameters of the daily rhythm of blood pressure sensitively react to changes in working hours. To the greatest extent, changes in the daily rhythm during the hours of night working wakefulness are typical for the indicators of the daily rhythm of diastolic blood pressure.
{"title":"Daily trend of blood pressure in staff under conditions of shift work of railway transport","authors":"Dmitry V. Alpaev, Vasily V. Serikov, Ekaterina V. Dmitrieva, Natalya A. Kostenko, Evgeniy V. Zhovnerchuk","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-914-920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-914-920","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The results of the study of features of the daily rhythm of blood pressure in people who constantly work in a rotational shift schedule, arising under the influence of night shift work, are discussed.
 The purpose of the study was to determine the modifying effect of working night wakefulness on the parameters of the daily rhythm of blood pressure in persons employed in work with a night shift schedule.
 Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out, in two cohorts of 19 years – 62 years employees of locomotive crews of Russian Railways. The study included drivers, assistant locomotive drivers, for at least 1 year, with night shifts n = 30,566, the number of measurements = 4,497,122, but borderline (high normal) blood pressure.
 Results. The lowest levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were found to be recorded in a cohort of subjects per day with a night shift, the highest – in the general group of workers and in a cohort of subjects per day with a day shift.
 The daily trend of SBP was characterized by a regular change of phases in all observation groups. In the general group, a subgroup of persons with normotonia, in a cohort of subjects, when working on a day shift, a DECLINE curve of the same type in configuration was formed.
 Limitations. The representativeness of the sample size was ensured by the participation in the study of employees of locomotive crews with a range of ages 
 of 19-62 years. The limitations of the study are related to the distribution of respondents by gender: there are no female respondents in the sample.
 Conclusions. Parameters of the daily rhythm of blood pressure sensitively react to changes in working hours. To the greatest extent, changes in the daily rhythm during the hours of night working wakefulness are typical for the indicators of the daily rhythm of diastolic blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-934-940
Dina V. Rusanova, Natalya V. Slivnitsyna, Oleg L. Lakhman
Introduction. An important aspect of prevention is the dynamic monitoring of workers exposed to the vibration in the workplace, which not only forms the basis for the diagnosis of occupational intoxication, but also ensures timely resolution of issues of examination of working capacity.
Materials and methods. Twenty one male patient with an established diagnosis of vibration disease (VD) associated with exposure to local vibration. A dynamic survey was conducted, 3 observation periods were studied.
Results. Over the 3rd period of the examination, the latency of N10 and N30 increased when compared with the 1st period. In periods 2 and 3, the duration of N13–N18 increased compared to period 1. The rate of pulse conduction (RPC) along the ulnar nerve decreased during period 2 when compared with period 1. Over the period 3, a decrease in RPC along the tibial nerve was revealed when compared with periods 1 and 2. During periods 2 and 3, the amplitude of the ulnar nerve action potential decreased when compared with period 1, along the afferent axons of the ulnar nerve the RPC decreased during period 2 when compared with 1. In period 3, the RPC along the median nerve decreased when compared with period 1.
Limitations. The limitation of this study is that the dynamics of changes depending on the degree of vibration disease has not been analyzed. This task was not implemented due to the small number of observations in the sample.
Conclusion. The progression of vibration disease syndromes and the degree of severity of vibration disease in dynamics were noted. The time of activation of neurons of the somatosensory zone of the cerebral cortex and the time of passage of the pulse from neurons of the cervical thickening to the thalamic structures in dynamics was found to slow down. There were increased disturbances in the conduction of the pulse along the axons at the level of the brachial plexus and from the brachial plexus to the lower parts of the brain stem. Demyelinating changes in the motor component of the peripheral nerves of the upper and lower extremities were aggravated in patients.
{"title":"Alterations of the nervous system in patients with vibration disease","authors":"Dina V. Rusanova, Natalya V. Slivnitsyna, Oleg L. Lakhman","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-934-940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-934-940","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. An important aspect of prevention is the dynamic monitoring of workers exposed to the vibration in the workplace, which not only forms the basis for the diagnosis of occupational intoxication, but also ensures timely resolution of issues of examination of working capacity.
 Materials and methods. Twenty one male patient with an established diagnosis of vibration disease (VD) associated with exposure to local vibration. A dynamic survey was conducted, 3 observation periods were studied.
 Results. Over the 3rd period of the examination, the latency of N10 and N30 increased when compared with the 1st period. In periods 2 and 3, the duration of N13–N18 increased compared to period 1. The rate of pulse conduction (RPC) along the ulnar nerve decreased during period 2 when compared with period 1. Over the period 3, a decrease in RPC along the tibial nerve was revealed when compared with periods 1 and 2. During periods 2 and 3, the amplitude of the ulnar nerve action potential decreased when compared with period 1, along the afferent axons of the ulnar nerve the RPC decreased during period 2 when compared with 1. In period 3, the RPC along the median nerve decreased when compared with period 1.
 Limitations. The limitation of this study is that the dynamics of changes depending on the degree of vibration disease has not been analyzed. This task was not implemented due to the small number of observations in the sample. 
 Conclusion. The progression of vibration disease syndromes and the degree of severity of vibration disease in dynamics were noted. The time of activation of neurons of the somatosensory zone of the cerebral cortex and the time of passage of the pulse from neurons of the cervical thickening to the thalamic structures in dynamics was found to slow down. There were increased disturbances in the conduction of the pulse along the axons at the level of the brachial plexus and from the brachial plexus to the lower parts of the brain stem. Demyelinating changes in the motor component of the peripheral nerves of the upper and lower extremities were aggravated in patients.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-909-913
Lilia G. Gizatullina, Ahat B. Bakirov, Lyaylya M. Masyagutova, Rimma H. Kudakaeva, Alina R. Muzafarova
Introduction. The extraordinary genetic potential of microorganisms has benefited from human overuse antibiotics to develop multiple resistance mechanisms. The large size and heterogeneity of the Russian population, the presence of territories with significant differences in demographic, cultural, and socio-economic indicators, the features of the management and availability of medical care are significant factors influencing the spread of resistance genes to antibacterial therapy of some strains of microorganisms.
Materials and methods. Susceptibility to twenty one antimicrobial agents of one hundred twenty eight Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, isolated from various loci of patients in a multidisciplinary hospital, including 16% of strains from the lower respiratory tract, 44% from wounds and wound discharge, and 40% from urine, was assessed.
Results. Among isolates from urine, 20% of isolates were found to have the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, 42% had the extreme resistance phenotype (XDR). Among the isolates of Kl. pneumoniae from purulent wounds, 18% had the MDR phenotype, and 43% had the XDR phenotype. Among the isolates of Kl. Рneumoniae from the lower respiratory tract, 37% had the MDR phenotype, 40% had the XDR phenotype. There are no pan-resistant strains in all groups.
The presence of genes for metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM, IMP, NDM groups) and serine carbapenemase (bovine and OXA-48) in molecular genetic study by real-time PCR of isolated Kl. pneumoniae was found in 73.4% of cases.
The results of determining the sensitivity of the isolates revealed a low activity of amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, III and IV generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime). 86.7% of isolates are resistant to drugs of the aminoglycoside group (amikacin), and 100% to gentamicin. Of the group of carbapenems, meropenem showed the highest activity – 26.6%, about 7% were sensitive to ertapenem. From the group of fluoroquinolones, sensitivity ranged from 20 to 30%. The highest activity of all drugs was shown by ticarcillin/clavulanate – 33.3%.
Limitations. The criteria for inclusion in the group of examination and selection of biomaterial were the presence of previous massive antibacterial therapy in the anamnesis, the presence of catheters, drains, etc.
Conclusions. There was established a high proportion of strains Kl. pneumoniae with the phenotype of multiple antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Susceptibility to antimicrobial preparations of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from patients in a multidisciplinary hospital","authors":"Lilia G. Gizatullina, Ahat B. Bakirov, Lyaylya M. Masyagutova, Rimma H. Kudakaeva, Alina R. Muzafarova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-909-913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-909-913","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The extraordinary genetic potential of microorganisms has benefited from human overuse antibiotics to develop multiple resistance mechanisms. The large size and heterogeneity of the Russian population, the presence of territories with significant differences in demographic, cultural, and socio-economic indicators, the features of the management and availability of medical care are significant factors influencing the spread of resistance genes to antibacterial therapy of some strains of microorganisms.
 Materials and methods. Susceptibility to twenty one antimicrobial agents of one hundred twenty eight Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, isolated from various loci of patients in a multidisciplinary hospital, including 16% of strains from the lower respiratory tract, 44% from wounds and wound discharge, and 40% from urine, was assessed.
 Results. Among isolates from urine, 20% of isolates were found to have the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, 42% had the extreme resistance phenotype (XDR). Among the isolates of Kl. pneumoniae from purulent wounds, 18% had the MDR phenotype, and 43% had the XDR phenotype. Among the isolates of Kl. Рneumoniae from the lower respiratory tract, 37% had the MDR phenotype, 40% had the XDR phenotype. There are no pan-resistant strains in all groups. 
 The presence of genes for metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM, IMP, NDM groups) and serine carbapenemase (bovine and OXA-48) in molecular genetic study by real-time PCR of isolated Kl. pneumoniae was found in 73.4% of cases. 
 The results of determining the sensitivity of the isolates revealed a low activity of amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, III and IV generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime). 86.7% of isolates are resistant to drugs of the aminoglycoside group (amikacin), and 100% to gentamicin. Of the group of carbapenems, meropenem showed the highest activity – 26.6%, about 7% were sensitive to ertapenem. From the group of fluoroquinolones, sensitivity ranged from 20 to 30%. The highest activity of all drugs was shown by ticarcillin/clavulanate – 33.3%.
 Limitations. The criteria for inclusion in the group of examination and selection of biomaterial were the presence of previous massive antibacterial therapy in the anamnesis, the presence of catheters, drains, etc.
 Conclusions. There was established a high proportion of strains Kl. pneumoniae with the phenotype of multiple antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-981-986
Yana I. Lebed-Sharlevich, Roman A. Mamonov
The article presents data of the analysis of scientific literature on the toxicity and danger of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and based on it disinfectants, which have been widely used for several decades. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to a sharp increase in the use of disinfectants, making it important to study the safety of these substances. The presented materials confirm the effectiveness of PHMG and its compounds against a wide range of bacteria, viruses and fungi. The article discusses the mechanism of the bactericidal action of guanidine polymers, based on the destruction of the bacterial cell wall due to the electrostatic effect of positively charged substance molecules on anionic groups on the cellular wall. Methods for using disinfectants based on PHMG for sanitizing various surfaces and media are shown.
The results of toxicological studies show that polyhexamethyleneguanidine compounds have low toxicity when taken orally, but pose a great danger to the respiratory system. With chronic exposure, they cause pulmonary fibrosis, a serious lung disease, associated with irreversible destruction of the lung architectonics, pulmonary insufficiency and impaired gas exchange due to excessive accumulation of proteins in the extracellular matrix. The use of disinfectants based on polyhexamethylene guanidine is not recommended for aerosol disinfection of indoor air in the presence of people. The presented data also indicate the need for additional toxicological studies to establish threshold doses of PHMG under inhalation exposure.
{"title":"Safety issues in the use of disinfectants based on polyhexamethyleneguanidine (literature review)","authors":"Yana I. Lebed-Sharlevich, Roman A. Mamonov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-981-986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-981-986","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data of the analysis of scientific literature on the toxicity and danger of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and based on it disinfectants, which have been widely used for several decades. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to a sharp increase in the use of disinfectants, making it important to study the safety of these substances. The presented materials confirm the effectiveness of PHMG and its compounds against a wide range of bacteria, viruses and fungi. The article discusses the mechanism of the bactericidal action of guanidine polymers, based on the destruction of the bacterial cell wall due to the electrostatic effect of positively charged substance molecules on anionic groups on the cellular wall. Methods for using disinfectants based on PHMG for sanitizing various surfaces and media are shown.
 The results of toxicological studies show that polyhexamethyleneguanidine compounds have low toxicity when taken orally, but pose a great danger to the respiratory system. With chronic exposure, they cause pulmonary fibrosis, a serious lung disease, associated with irreversible destruction of the lung architectonics, pulmonary insufficiency and impaired gas exchange due to excessive accumulation of proteins in the extracellular matrix. The use of disinfectants based on polyhexamethylene guanidine is not recommended for aerosol disinfection of indoor air in the presence of people. The presented data also indicate the need for additional toxicological studies to establish threshold doses of PHMG under inhalation exposure.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-962-967
Natalya V. Efimova, Inna V. Mylnikova, Andrey N. Kudaev
Introdution. Aerogenic exposure to chemicals can contribute to the formation of violations of the main regulatory systems of the body.
The aim is to assess the aerogenic risk to the health in adolescent boys at various levels of physical activity.
Materials and methods. The content of chemicals in the air of sports halls of general education and sports schools was assessed by single samples, the risk was calculated from the average values of samples taken over 1 hour. The risk is calculated for young 13–17 years boys, taking into account somatometric indicators, the intensity of physical activity.
Results. Somatometric indicators of adolescents with moderate and intense levels of activity corresponded to the age norm. The concentrations of suspended solids, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen, formaldehyde in the air of sports halls met the hygienic standards. An aerogenic risk at a moderate level of activity corresponded to hazard index (HI) = 1.5–1.9 at rest, HI = 1.9–2.3 after exercise; intensive level – HI=2.1–4 and HI=3.9–7, respectively. The value of HI at rest and after exercise by 57–58.9% is determined by the content of suspended solids, including PM2.5 = 30-32%, PM10 = 25-26.9%.
Limitations of the study are due to the fact that when assessing the hazard index, not all chemicals that may be present in the air of sports facilities are taken into account.
Conclusion. The study points to the need to control chemicals in the air of sports facilities and study the effect of chemicals on the state of the leading systems
of adolescents, taking into account the level of physical activity.
{"title":"Assessment of the aerogenic risk in adolescent boys at various levels of physical activity","authors":"Natalya V. Efimova, Inna V. Mylnikova, Andrey N. Kudaev","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-962-967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-962-967","url":null,"abstract":"Introdution. Aerogenic exposure to chemicals can contribute to the formation of violations of the main regulatory systems of the body. 
 The aim is to assess the aerogenic risk to the health in adolescent boys at various levels of physical activity. 
 Materials and methods. The content of chemicals in the air of sports halls of general education and sports schools was assessed by single samples, the risk was calculated from the average values of samples taken over 1 hour. The risk is calculated for young 13–17 years boys, taking into account somatometric indicators, the intensity of physical activity.
 Results. Somatometric indicators of adolescents with moderate and intense levels of activity corresponded to the age norm. The concentrations of suspended solids, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen, formaldehyde in the air of sports halls met the hygienic standards. An aerogenic risk at a moderate level of activity corresponded to hazard index (HI) = 1.5–1.9 at rest, HI = 1.9–2.3 after exercise; intensive level – HI=2.1–4 and HI=3.9–7, respectively. The value of HI at rest and after exercise by 57–58.9% is determined by the content of suspended solids, including PM2.5 = 30-32%, PM10 = 25-26.9%.
 Limitations of the study are due to the fact that when assessing the hazard index, not all chemicals that may be present in the air of sports facilities are taken into account. 
 Conclusion. The study points to the need to control chemicals in the air of sports facilities and study the effect of chemicals on the state of the leading systems 
 of adolescents, taking into account the level of physical activity.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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