Antibacterial Efficacy of Extraction of Salvia palaestina Bentham

Salvia palaestina native to Iraq and other Mediterranean regions, but is now grown all over the world, mostly for use as a culinary herb. It is a member of the Lamiaceae family. Plant specimens were collected in different areas of MRO, MSU, FPF and FKI districts of Kurdistan region-Iraq from March 2022 to end of May 2022. Flavonoids and phenols were found in the study's preliminary screening for the key phytochemical natural product groups. Antibacterial efficacy of Salvia palaestina Bentham of three concentrations 25,50and100%mg/ml of hydro‐alcoholic(ethanol) extracts against two gram‐ positive pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), two gram ‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were studied, the results revealed that the impact of hydro ‐ethanol extracts in concentration of 100mg/ml in bacteria p. aeruginosa with 41.66 mm inhibitor zone in diameter was the most effective in inhibiting bacteria compared to all studied extracts concentrations, all average bacteria showed no significance differences in their effectiveness against examined bacteria and P. aeruginosa with 38.33 mm inhibitor zone was the most effective in inhibiting bacteria, all average concentrations showed no significant differences in their effectiveness against studied bacteria were identified. The average extract with 30.6 mm inhibitor zone was the strongest in inhibiting bacteria. In current study revealed that the Salvia palaestina extract from hydro‐ ethanol and also control treatment 2 (ciprofloxacin) was the most effective to against gram‐ negative bacteria than gram‐ positive bacteria.