Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.387164.1261
J. Toma
The current study was conducted to identify and study the spatial and seasonal variations of diatoms in some sites in Shaqlawa district in Erbil province for the period from September 2021 to August 2022 and considered the first attempt to identify diatoms in these sites and also considered as an intensive study of the various species of the diatoms under different environmental conditions. Eighteen; sites were selected, of which twelve are in springs, and six of which are along the stream, as well as use indices to evaluate the water quality, such as Shannon Wiener indicators (H), and Jaccard similarity indices (SJ), 57 species of diatoms were identified at eighteen sites, where central diatoms were of two s pecies while pennies diatoms reached fifty-five species. The highest; number of diatoms species was recorded in springs, including site three, and the lower number was identified at site ten. Diatoma; hiemal, D. moniliformis, Fragilaria construes, F. crotonesis, Ulnaria ulna, Cocconeis pediculus, Navicula radiosa, Gyrosigma acuminatum, Nitzschia dubia, Cymbella excise, Gomphonema olivaceous, Surirella oval is considered more dominant than others diatoms species. According to; to Shannon Wiener, indicators (H), a great diversity was obtained in sites 3 and 18.
{"title":"Study of Algal Diatoms in some water resources in Shaglawa District. Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"J. Toma","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.387164.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.387164.1261","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted to identify and study the spatial and seasonal variations of diatoms in some sites in Shaqlawa district in Erbil province for the period from September 2021 to August 2022 and considered the first attempt to identify diatoms in these sites and also considered as an intensive study of the various species of the diatoms under different environmental conditions. Eighteen; sites were selected, of which twelve are in springs, and six of which are along the stream, as well as use indices to evaluate the water quality, such as Shannon Wiener indicators (H), and Jaccard similarity indices (SJ), 57 species of diatoms were identified at eighteen sites, where central diatoms were of two s pecies while pennies diatoms reached fifty-five species. The highest; number of diatoms species was recorded in springs, including site three, and the lower number was identified at site ten. Diatoma; hiemal, D. moniliformis, Fragilaria construes, F. crotonesis, Ulnaria ulna, Cocconeis pediculus, Navicula radiosa, Gyrosigma acuminatum, Nitzschia dubia, Cymbella excise, Gomphonema olivaceous, Surirella oval is considered more dominant than others diatoms species. According to; to Shannon Wiener, indicators (H), a great diversity was obtained in sites 3 and 18.","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68882199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.397833.1330
Dina Mahmood, Sirwan Salih, mohammed Ibrahim
Salvia palaestina native to Iraq and other Mediterranean regions, but is now grown all over the world, mostly for use as a culinary herb. It is a member of the Lamiaceae family. Plant specimens were collected in different areas of MRO, MSU, FPF and FKI districts of Kurdistan region-Iraq from March 2022 to end of May 2022. Flavonoids and phenols were found in the study's preliminary screening for the key phytochemical natural product groups. Antibacterial efficacy of Salvia palaestina Bentham of three concentrations 25,50and100%mg/ml of hydro‐alcoholic(ethanol) extracts against two gram‐ positive pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), two gram ‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were studied, the results revealed that the impact of hydro ‐ethanol extracts in concentration of 100mg/ml in bacteria p. aeruginosa with 41.66 mm inhibitor zone in diameter was the most effective in inhibiting bacteria compared to all studied extracts concentrations, all average bacteria showed no significance differences in their effectiveness against examined bacteria and P. aeruginosa with 38.33 mm inhibitor zone was the most effective in inhibiting bacteria, all average concentrations showed no significant differences in their effectiveness against studied bacteria were identified. The average extract with 30.6 mm inhibitor zone was the strongest in inhibiting bacteria. In current study revealed that the Salvia palaestina extract from hydro‐ ethanol and also control treatment 2 (ciprofloxacin) was the most effective to against gram‐ negative bacteria than gram‐ positive bacteria.
{"title":"Antibacterial Efficacy of Extraction of Salvia palaestina Bentham","authors":"Dina Mahmood, Sirwan Salih, mohammed Ibrahim","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.397833.1330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.397833.1330","url":null,"abstract":"Salvia palaestina native to Iraq and other Mediterranean regions, but is now grown all over the world, mostly for use as a culinary herb. It is a member of the Lamiaceae family. Plant specimens were collected in different areas of MRO, MSU, FPF and FKI districts of Kurdistan region-Iraq from March 2022 to end of May 2022. Flavonoids and phenols were found in the study's preliminary screening for the key phytochemical natural product groups. Antibacterial efficacy of Salvia palaestina Bentham of three concentrations 25,50and100%mg/ml of hydro‐alcoholic(ethanol) extracts against two gram‐ positive pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), two gram ‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were studied, the results revealed that the impact of hydro ‐ethanol extracts in concentration of 100mg/ml in bacteria p. aeruginosa with 41.66 mm inhibitor zone in diameter was the most effective in inhibiting bacteria compared to all studied extracts concentrations, all average bacteria showed no significance differences in their effectiveness against examined bacteria and P. aeruginosa with 38.33 mm inhibitor zone was the most effective in inhibiting bacteria, all average concentrations showed no significant differences in their effectiveness against studied bacteria were identified. The average extract with 30.6 mm inhibitor zone was the strongest in inhibiting bacteria. In current study revealed that the Salvia palaestina extract from hydro‐ ethanol and also control treatment 2 (ciprofloxacin) was the most effective to against gram‐ negative bacteria than gram‐ positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.409738.1363
Asaad Mahmood, Hiran Jabar
The polyphenol complex of pomegranate peel ( Punica granatum L.), which makes up half of the pomegranate fruit, is important due to its roles in disease prevention. Although several studies examined the phenolic compounds in pomegranate peel, there is no any previous study on this plant part in Iraq using HPLC. This study was carried out to investigate the content of these bioactive compounds in pomegranate peels of 27 accessions collected from five different locations in the North and Middle of Iraq. In total; ten polyphenolic agents, including Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Hydroxybenzoic acid, Caffeic acid, Luteolin, Quercetin, Catechin, Rutin, Punicalins and punicalagin were detected in the ethanolic extracts of the respective accessions using HPLC technique. Results showed that the range of concentrations (µg/ml) of the phenolic compounds, namely gallic acid (80.6-170.24), ellagic acid (50.32-134.36), punicalagin (5.2-130.32), luteolin (20-122.32), catechin (50.2-121), rutin (41-102.36), hydrobenzoic acid (26.2-101.96), quercetin (27.92-94.36), punicalins (29.92-90.36) and caffeic acid (38.32-81) were significantly varied in the selected accessions. The highest concentrations of all the respective phenolic compounds were characterized in the accession number 27, which was collected from Shahraban. This accession might be a valuable source for pharmaceutical products, specifically anti-cancers. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
{"title":"Characterization of biochemical compounds in different accessions of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels in Iraq","authors":"Asaad Mahmood, Hiran Jabar","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.409738.1363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.409738.1363","url":null,"abstract":"The polyphenol complex of pomegranate peel ( Punica granatum L.), which makes up half of the pomegranate fruit, is important due to its roles in disease prevention. Although several studies examined the phenolic compounds in pomegranate peel, there is no any previous study on this plant part in Iraq using HPLC. This study was carried out to investigate the content of these bioactive compounds in pomegranate peels of 27 accessions collected from five different locations in the North and Middle of Iraq. In total; ten polyphenolic agents, including Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Hydroxybenzoic acid, Caffeic acid, Luteolin, Quercetin, Catechin, Rutin, Punicalins and punicalagin were detected in the ethanolic extracts of the respective accessions using HPLC technique. Results showed that the range of concentrations (µg/ml) of the phenolic compounds, namely gallic acid (80.6-170.24), ellagic acid (50.32-134.36), punicalagin (5.2-130.32), luteolin (20-122.32), catechin (50.2-121), rutin (41-102.36), hydrobenzoic acid (26.2-101.96), quercetin (27.92-94.36), punicalins (29.92-90.36) and caffeic acid (38.32-81) were significantly varied in the selected accessions. The highest concentrations of all the respective phenolic compounds were characterized in the accession number 27, which was collected from Shahraban. This accession might be a valuable source for pharmaceutical products, specifically anti-cancers. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135949222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.403768.1340
Alaa Mustafa, Rebin Mirza, Haval Aziz
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using lavender essential oil to sanitize fertile eggs instead of formaldehyde; on the eggshell bacteria count and quality of chicks. Under aseptic circumstances, 825 white eggs (67.93±0.63 g) were collected from 60 weeks old (Lohmann White breeder chickens) and randomly divided into five treatments (non-sanitized and sanitized with distilled water, lavender essential oil, Glutaraldehyde GPC-8, and formaldehyde fumigation) before incubation and at 10 th day of incubation. The results showed that according to the fertile eggs, non-sanitized and formaldehyde groups was reduced hatchability compared with other treatments. All sanitized groups reduced the dead embryo compared with non-sanitized. Total aerobic bacterial counts on the hatching eggshell surface were significantly reduced due to using Lavender essential oil and GPC8 compared with formaldehyde, non-sanitized, and sanitized with distilled water before setting in an incubator. Also, at the 18 th day of hatching eggs, spraying with lavender essential oil reduced significantly the number of total aerobic bacteria compared to all other treatments. Lavender essential oil treatment recorded the highest chick quality compared with all other treatments except Glutaraldehyde, and the lowest chick quality recorded for the formaldehyde group. Also, the abnormal chicks were significantly reduced with Lavender essential oil compared with formaldehyde. Eggs for incubation can be safely and effectively treated with lavender essential oil. It is strongly advised to use it in place of formaldehyde and other toxic compounds while sanitizing fertile eggs. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
{"title":"Lavender Essential Oil in Sanitation on Fertile Egg","authors":"Alaa Mustafa, Rebin Mirza, Haval Aziz","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.403768.1340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.403768.1340","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using lavender essential oil to sanitize fertile eggs instead of formaldehyde; on the eggshell bacteria count and quality of chicks. Under aseptic circumstances, 825 white eggs (67.93±0.63 g) were collected from 60 weeks old (Lohmann White breeder chickens) and randomly divided into five treatments (non-sanitized and sanitized with distilled water, lavender essential oil, Glutaraldehyde GPC-8, and formaldehyde fumigation) before incubation and at 10 th day of incubation. The results showed that according to the fertile eggs, non-sanitized and formaldehyde groups was reduced hatchability compared with other treatments. All sanitized groups reduced the dead embryo compared with non-sanitized. Total aerobic bacterial counts on the hatching eggshell surface were significantly reduced due to using Lavender essential oil and GPC8 compared with formaldehyde, non-sanitized, and sanitized with distilled water before setting in an incubator. Also, at the 18 th day of hatching eggs, spraying with lavender essential oil reduced significantly the number of total aerobic bacteria compared to all other treatments. Lavender essential oil treatment recorded the highest chick quality compared with all other treatments except Glutaraldehyde, and the lowest chick quality recorded for the formaldehyde group. Also, the abnormal chicks were significantly reduced with Lavender essential oil compared with formaldehyde. Eggs for incubation can be safely and effectively treated with lavender essential oil. It is strongly advised to use it in place of formaldehyde and other toxic compounds while sanitizing fertile eggs. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136025149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.398760.1331
Shakir Shakir, Singarayer Florentine, Nicholas Schultz
Restoration of native grasslands is challenging due to high soil phosphorus levels. Cultivation of plants with high phosphorus (P) absorption is an optimal solution to remove and decrease P from the soil. It has been demonstrated that native grassland taxa (species) of the genus Ptilotus have significant P-uptake. In a glasshouse study, Ptilotus macrocephalus and Ptilotus polystachyus were tested for their ability to reduce the amount of soil phosphorus that was readily available. Lupinus albus, a third species with a reputation for high phosphorus uptake, served as a comparison species, and a further treatment included Phoslock®, a soil additive that could bind soil phosphorus into insoluble forms. The findings revealed that phosphorus in the soil was absorbed at a high level via Ptilotus macrocephalus and Ptilotus polystachyus showed a maximum reduction of P (-2.58 and -2.55 ppm). It is argued that several years of planting and harvesting these plants will offer a workable method for lowering soil phosphorus levels. However, this only happened at high concentrations of 1500 g/m2 and when soil phosphorus concentrations were very high. Despite, the Phoslock®'s effectiveness in lowering soil-accessible phosphorus. At concentrations often observed in former agriculture paddocks, it proved less effective. The study's findings have improved our existing comprehension of reclaiming abandoned grassland.
{"title":"Exploring efficient techniques to decrease phosphorus levels in previously farmed land to promote the revival of indigenous grassland","authors":"Shakir Shakir, Singarayer Florentine, Nicholas Schultz","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.398760.1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.398760.1331","url":null,"abstract":"Restoration of native grasslands is challenging due to high soil phosphorus levels. Cultivation of plants with high phosphorus (P) absorption is an optimal solution to remove and decrease P from the soil. It has been demonstrated that native grassland taxa (species) of the genus Ptilotus have significant P-uptake. In a glasshouse study, Ptilotus macrocephalus and Ptilotus polystachyus were tested for their ability to reduce the amount of soil phosphorus that was readily available. Lupinus albus, a third species with a reputation for high phosphorus uptake, served as a comparison species, and a further treatment included Phoslock®, a soil additive that could bind soil phosphorus into insoluble forms. The findings revealed that phosphorus in the soil was absorbed at a high level via Ptilotus macrocephalus and Ptilotus polystachyus showed a maximum reduction of P (-2.58 and -2.55 ppm). It is argued that several years of planting and harvesting these plants will offer a workable method for lowering soil phosphorus levels. However, this only happened at high concentrations of 1500 g/m2 and when soil phosphorus concentrations were very high. Despite, the Phoslock®'s effectiveness in lowering soil-accessible phosphorus. At concentrations often observed in former agriculture paddocks, it proved less effective. The study's findings have improved our existing comprehension of reclaiming abandoned grassland.","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136025150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.395923.1323
Fahmi Salih Sulaiman, Jasim Aziz, Namam Ismail
Because of the lack of rainfall in arid and semi-arid areas in the Kurdistan Region, it’s required wheat genotypes suitable for these conditions. In; 2020-2021 ten wheat genotypes were crossed. In; 2021-2022 Grains of F1s and the parents were planted under rain-fed and supplementary irrigation in Koya Agriculture Research Station (Erbil) to study the genetic properties by Griffing and Jinks-Hayman method for some drought tolerance indices such as stress susceptibility index SSI; geometric mean productivity GMP; mean productivity MP; tolerance Index TOL; and yield stability index YSI; through the grain yield under stressed (Ys) and yield potential (Yp) conditions. Significant; differences were found among parents and F 1 s for all indices. Results; of genetic analysis imply to high general combining ability GCA; of some parents for different indices. Some crosses had specific combining ability SCA; for most of the indices. The dominant; component (H 1 ) was higher than the additive (D̂) and average degree of dominance ( √𝑯 𝟏 /𝑫 ) was greater than one for all indices. Dominant; and recessive alleles in gene locations (H2/4H1) were less than 0.25 for all traits, showing that dominance was not distributed regularly among parents. The number; of dominant to recessive genes ratio (KD/KR) was more than one for Ys, SSI; GMP; and YSI; with values of (1.25, 1.61, 1.09 and 1.62) respectively, indicating the increase of dominant genes in parents for these traits, while it was less than one for Yp, MP and TOL; with values (0.54, 0.90 and 0.78) respectively shows increase of recessive genes in parents for these traits. Heritability; H ns. has ranged from 0.268 for Ys to 0.339 for Yp. Parents 1 and 3 were the best for GCA; and most of the traits. Crosses 1×7 and 1×8 had the best performance for most of the traits, and 4×9 was the best for SCA.
{"title":"Genetic study of some drought tolerance indicators in the first generation of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)","authors":"Fahmi Salih Sulaiman, Jasim Aziz, Namam Ismail","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.395923.1323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.395923.1323","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the lack of rainfall in arid and semi-arid areas in the Kurdistan Region, it’s required wheat genotypes suitable for these conditions. In; 2020-2021 ten wheat genotypes were crossed. In; 2021-2022 Grains of F1s and the parents were planted under rain-fed and supplementary irrigation in Koya Agriculture Research Station (Erbil) to study the genetic properties by Griffing and Jinks-Hayman method for some drought tolerance indices such as stress susceptibility index SSI; geometric mean productivity GMP; mean productivity MP; tolerance Index TOL; and yield stability index YSI; through the grain yield under stressed (Ys) and yield potential (Yp) conditions. Significant; differences were found among parents and F 1 s for all indices. Results; of genetic analysis imply to high general combining ability GCA; of some parents for different indices. Some crosses had specific combining ability SCA; for most of the indices. The dominant; component (H 1 ) was higher than the additive (D̂) and average degree of dominance ( √𝑯 𝟏 /𝑫 ) was greater than one for all indices. Dominant; and recessive alleles in gene locations (H2/4H1) were less than 0.25 for all traits, showing that dominance was not distributed regularly among parents. The number; of dominant to recessive genes ratio (KD/KR) was more than one for Ys, SSI; GMP; and YSI; with values of (1.25, 1.61, 1.09 and 1.62) respectively, indicating the increase of dominant genes in parents for these traits, while it was less than one for Yp, MP and TOL; with values (0.54, 0.90 and 0.78) respectively shows increase of recessive genes in parents for these traits. Heritability; H ns. has ranged from 0.268 for Ys to 0.339 for Yp. Parents 1 and 3 were the best for GCA; and most of the traits. Crosses 1×7 and 1×8 had the best performance for most of the traits, and 4×9 was the best for SCA.","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45683492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.391736.1304
Awin Mohammed, A. Aljabary, Bakhtyar Marf, J. Al-Saadi
Fruit coatings are an appropriate method to preserve quality and extend the shelf life of fruit. This study focused on the impact of coating fig fruit with bio-based proteins (sunflower seeds, whey, and caseins). The fruits were dipped into the coating solution and dried. Then, the fruits were stored in the refrigerator at 5°C with 85–90% relative humidity. Fruit quality was higher by using the coating method, and the fruits showed significantly higher sensory evaluation scores (color, texture, brightness, and overall acceptability) compared to the control, while the highest score was in the whey protein coating treatment. The weight loss and total soluble solids (TSS) in all coated fruits were significantly lower compared to the control. In particular, sunflower seeds protein had the highest titratable acidity (TA), and whey protein reduced polyphenol oxidase activity than the other treatments. However, a prolonged storage period substantially increased weight loss, TSS, TA, total sugar, and total phenol, as well as reduced all sensory evaluation scores. Therefore, the data of this study help to prolong the fig fruit shelf life and the period of display in the market. Especially, all bio-based protein coating significantly reduced fresh weight loss and preserved the fruit quality than the control throughout the post-harvest. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
{"title":"Effect of Bio-Based Protein Coating on the Quality and Shelf Life of Fig Fruit (Ficus Carica L.)","authors":"Awin Mohammed, A. Aljabary, Bakhtyar Marf, J. Al-Saadi","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.391736.1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.391736.1304","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit coatings are an appropriate method to preserve quality and extend the shelf life of fruit. This study focused on the impact of coating fig fruit with bio-based proteins (sunflower seeds, whey, and caseins). The fruits were dipped into the coating solution and dried. Then, the fruits were stored in the refrigerator at 5°C with 85–90% relative humidity. Fruit quality was higher by using the coating method, and the fruits showed significantly higher sensory evaluation scores (color, texture, brightness, and overall acceptability) compared to the control, while the highest score was in the whey protein coating treatment. The weight loss and total soluble solids (TSS) in all coated fruits were significantly lower compared to the control. In particular, sunflower seeds protein had the highest titratable acidity (TA), and whey protein reduced polyphenol oxidase activity than the other treatments. However, a prolonged storage period substantially increased weight loss, TSS, TA, total sugar, and total phenol, as well as reduced all sensory evaluation scores. Therefore, the data of this study help to prolong the fig fruit shelf life and the period of display in the market. Especially, all bio-based protein coating significantly reduced fresh weight loss and preserved the fruit quality than the control throughout the post-harvest. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45449524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.407846.1349
A. Saleh
Nanostructured thin films of MnO, Mn:5%ZnO, and Mn:10%ZnO were deposited through the process of chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) on glass substrates. To examine the structural and optical characteristics, various analytical techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer were employed to characterize the thin films that were synthesized. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that deposition conditions affected crystallite size in these thin films, and the Scherrer equation showed that the average crystalline size increased with ZnO-doped manganese solution. The linear plot shows a positive slope (0.0004 and 0.001) for all samples MnO and Mn:10%ZnO, which have a tensile strain and a lattice expansion in nano-tetragonal samples, except for Mn:5%ZnO, which has a negative slope (-0.0013). FE-SEM images showed that the particle size for all samples was 35.7, 56.9, and 23.6 nm for MnO, Mn:5%ZnO, and Mn:10%ZnO nanostructured thin films, respectively, which matches XRD analyses. Within the range of the visible spectrum, the optimal average transmission value falls between 20% and 60%. The Tauc relation was used to determine the optical energy-band gap (Eg), which exhibited an increase from 2.93 eV to 3.11 eV upon ZnO doping. The Mn: ZnO thin films show versatile optical properties that are essential for various applications, including transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, photovoltaic, and solar cells. The Mn:5%ZnO sample produced an optical band gap of 3.06 eV, which was lower than the optical band gap of 3.37 eV observed in pure ZnO films.
{"title":"Improvement of the Optical Properties of Zn-Doped MnO Nanocomposites Thin films","authors":"A. Saleh","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.407846.1349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.407846.1349","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured thin films of MnO, Mn:5%ZnO, and Mn:10%ZnO were deposited through the process of chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) on glass substrates. To examine the structural and optical characteristics, various analytical techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer were employed to characterize the thin films that were synthesized. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that deposition conditions affected crystallite size in these thin films, and the Scherrer equation showed that the average crystalline size increased with ZnO-doped manganese solution. The linear plot shows a positive slope (0.0004 and 0.001) for all samples MnO and Mn:10%ZnO, which have a tensile strain and a lattice expansion in nano-tetragonal samples, except for Mn:5%ZnO, which has a negative slope (-0.0013). FE-SEM images showed that the particle size for all samples was 35.7, 56.9, and 23.6 nm for MnO, Mn:5%ZnO, and Mn:10%ZnO nanostructured thin films, respectively, which matches XRD analyses. Within the range of the visible spectrum, the optimal average transmission value falls between 20% and 60%. The Tauc relation was used to determine the optical energy-band gap (Eg), which exhibited an increase from 2.93 eV to 3.11 eV upon ZnO doping. The Mn: ZnO thin films show versatile optical properties that are essential for various applications, including transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, photovoltaic, and solar cells. The Mn:5%ZnO sample produced an optical band gap of 3.06 eV, which was lower than the optical band gap of 3.37 eV observed in pure ZnO films.","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48740099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.390656.1290
A. Sharef
Petunia hybrida belongs to the Solanaceae family. It has a significant commercial value worldwide. Petunias grow very well in Kurdistan, with their long flowering period becoming an attractive addition to gardens. In Kurdistan, petunias seeds are often imported, and commonly face problems such as low germination rate; sometimes, the plants’ colour is not as described. In addition, it seems that commercial cultivars usually do not produce seeds. Petunia as a model plant, plays a crucial role in most research carried out at molecular, biological, and physiological levels, whereas, the inbred line should be used in such types of research. So far, here in Kurdistan, there has been no research for developing inbred lines or developing petunias for ornamental purposes. This study mainly evaluated four commercial, attractively coloured cultivars: Red Frost, Blackberry, White, and Blue Star. All cultivars showed the same colour as was described. The chosen sample has pin flowers, meaning that self-incompatibility in all cultivars is heteromorphic, but after manual self and cross-pollination, they all produced seeds . In addition, the focus was on several essential phenotypic characteristics that led to exciting results. Present results revealed that the largest diameter belongs to Blackberry (8.319 cm). In contrast, the Red Frost cultivar recorded the most extended peduncle length (4.994cm). In comparison, White cultivars recorded the highest plant height (32.933cm). These characteristics can be exploited to improve the breeding ornamental sector in Kurdistan.
{"title":"Phenotypic analysis of Petunia hybrida commercial varieties","authors":"A. Sharef","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.390656.1290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.390656.1290","url":null,"abstract":"Petunia hybrida belongs to the Solanaceae family. It has a significant commercial value worldwide. Petunias grow very well in Kurdistan, with their long flowering period becoming an attractive addition to gardens. In Kurdistan, petunias seeds are often imported, and commonly face problems such as low germination rate; sometimes, the plants’ colour is not as described. In addition, it seems that commercial cultivars usually do not produce seeds. Petunia as a model plant, plays a crucial role in most research carried out at molecular, biological, and physiological levels, whereas, the inbred line should be used in such types of research. So far, here in Kurdistan, there has been no research for developing inbred lines or developing petunias for ornamental purposes. This study mainly evaluated four commercial, attractively coloured cultivars: Red Frost, Blackberry, White, and Blue Star. All cultivars showed the same colour as was described. The chosen sample has pin flowers, meaning that self-incompatibility in all cultivars is heteromorphic, but after manual self and cross-pollination, they all produced seeds . In addition, the focus was on several essential phenotypic characteristics that led to exciting results. Present results revealed that the largest diameter belongs to Blackberry (8.319 cm). In contrast, the Red Frost cultivar recorded the most extended peduncle length (4.994cm). In comparison, White cultivars recorded the highest plant height (32.933cm). These characteristics can be exploited to improve the breeding ornamental sector in Kurdistan.","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48717808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.384552.1246
S. Omer, I. Faraj, N. Faraj
{"title":"Invitro Inhibitory Effect of Some Plants Aquatic Extracts on Conidial Growth of the Phytopathogenic Fungus (Fusarium oxysporium)","authors":"S. Omer, I. Faraj, N. Faraj","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.384552.1246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.384552.1246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46239133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：