Structure-property relationship in edible pectin-alginate/orange peel biocomposite films

Biodegradable plastics can help tackle plastic packaging waste, which cause serious consequences for the environment, however, current bio-based materials often lack strength, have poor thermal and barrier properties, and are expensive. This study proposes a solution: biodegradable, edible pectin-alginate films reinforced by abundant and inexpensive orange peel powder (OPP). This study stands out for its comprehensive analysis of mechanical, thermal, barrier, morphological, and biodegradable properties by adjusting the type, amount, and size of OPP in the formulation. The resulting fully biodegradable films with 2% CaCl 2 , 0.7 g/g glycerol, and 30% finely ground OPP not only matched the quality of commercial packaging films in mechanical properties, but also exhibited promising qualities in terms of thermal, morphological, and water barrier properties for packaging applications. Made from natural, edible, and vegan materials, these films offer an eco-friendly alternative to non-biodegradable plastics, enhancing biocomposite properties and also providing a sustainable solution to organic waste.