欧洲蕨中毒

Nicola Bates
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摘要

蕨菜(蕨菜属)是一种古老的、大型的、分布广泛的蕨类植物,长期以来被认为是有毒的。它含有几种有毒化合物,包括ptaquiloside和thiaminase。蕨菜中毒在不同动物身上表现为不同的临床证候。牛发展急性出血综合征,导致大范围出血和死亡。随着更多的慢性摄入发生地方性牛血尿,其特点是肿瘤的上消化道和膀胱。绵羊也会患上急性出血综合征和癌症,但长期摄入蕨菜会导致视网膜神经病变,从而导致永久性失明。单胃动物(如猪)的蕨菜中毒是由诱导的维生素B1病引起的。蕨菜中毒的诊断是基于临床症状,接触史和尸检的特征性发现。在牛和羊的临床症状是渐进的,人道安乐死通常是必要的动物与晚期疾病。在患有蕨菜中毒的猪中,症状通常是非特异性的,并导致猝死,但补充硫胺素是有效的。
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Bracken poisoning
Bracken (Pteridium species) is an ancient, large and very widespread fern that has long been recognised as poisonous. It contains several toxic compounds including ptaquiloside and thiaminase. Bracken toxicosis manifests as different clinical syndromes in different animals. Cattle develop an acute haemorrhagic syndrome leading to widespread haemorrhage and death. With more chronic ingestion enzootic bovine haematuria occurs, which is characterised by tumours of the upper alimentary tract and urinary bladder. Sheep also develop acute haemorrhage syndrome and cancer, but chronic bracken ingestion causes retinal neuropathy, which can lead to permanent blindness. Bracken toxicosis in monogastric animals such as pigs is because of an induced avitaminosis B1. Diagnosis of bracken toxicosis is based on clinical signs, history of exposure and characteristic findings at postmortem. In cattle and sheep the clinical syndromes are progressive and humane euthanasia is usually necessary in animals with advanced disease. In pigs with bracken toxicosis signs are often non-specific and lead to sudden death, but supplementation with thiamine can be effective.
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