纸浆厂碳捕集一体化战略发展对生物质资源更好利用的影响

Henrik Skoglund, Chao Fu, Simon Harvey, Elin Svensson
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摘要

鉴于其可再生生物质原料和能源供应,纸浆和造纸工业在向净零排放或负排放的工业转型中发挥着重要作用。特别是,纸浆和造纸厂有大量现有的生物源二氧化碳,通过碳捕获和储存(CCS)有助于二氧化碳去除的潜力很大。为了有效地应对原料和能源市场的预期变化,需要更好地了解纸浆和造纸工业的不同技术途径如何相互作用,例如,生物质侧流的增强增值如何影响碳捕获的潜力。研究了化学纸浆厂碳捕集与木质素提取相结合的效果。夹点分析用于研究不同的磨机和捕集配置对热回收、燃料使用和发电目标的影响。在此基础上,对碳流的影响进行了评价。结果表明,在案例研究工厂实施碳捕获技术并最大限度地减少燃料使用后,回收锅炉仍有足够的热量来满足工艺需求,而无需使用公用事业锅炉。然而,当碳捕获与木质素提取相结合时,回收锅炉产生的热量不再足以满足工艺需求,并且需要公用事业锅炉提供额外的热量。然而,这种情况意味着一些碳离开磨坊嵌入在提取的木质素产品中,可以预期比捕获的二氧化碳具有更高的价值。当背压发电量在不同的工厂配置中最大化时,可以实现非常高的燃料-电力效率,但是由于公用事业锅炉的二氧化碳排放没有被假定为被捕获,这将导致与最小化燃料使用的捕获方案相比排放更多的碳。
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Integration of carbon capture in a pulp mill—effect of strategic development towards better biomass resource utilization
The pulp and paper industry has an important role in the industrial transition towards net zero or negative emissions, given its renewable biomass-based feedstock and energy supply. In particular, pulp and paper mills have large existing sources of biogenic CO 2, with a high potential to contribute to carbon dioxide removal through carbon capture and storage (CCS). To effectively navigate anticipated changes in feedstock and energy markets, there is a need for a better understanding of how different technology pathways for the pulp and paper industry interact with one another, for instance, how enhanced valorization of biomass side streams may affect the potential for carbon capture. This paper aims to investigate the effect of combining carbon capture with lignin extraction in a chemical pulp mill. Pinch analysis is used to study how the targets for heat recovery, fuel usage and electricity generation, are affected by different mill and capture configurations. Based on these results, the effect on carbon flows is evaluated. The results show that when carbon capture technology is implemented and fuel use is minimized at the case-study mill, there is still enough heat available from the recovery boilers to supply the process needs without requiring usage of a utility boiler. However, when carbon capture is combined with lignin extraction, the heat production of the recovery boilers is no longer sufficient to cover the process demands, and additional heat from a utility boiler is required. However, this case implies that some of the carbon leaves the mill embedded in the extracted lignin product, which can be expected to have a higher value than captured carbon dioxide. When back-pressure electricity production was maximized for the different mill configurations, a very high fuel-to-electricity efficiency could be achieved, but since the CO 2 emissions from the utility boiler were not assumed to be captured, this would lead to more carbon being emitted compared to the capture scenarios with minimized fuel use.
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