沼泽引起的回水:非河流沉积对三角洲河道形态和运动学的影响

IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Earth Surface Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI:10.5194/esurf-11-1035-2023
Kelly M. Sanks, John B. Shaw, Samuel M. Zapp, José Silvestre, Ripul Dutt, Kyle M. Straub
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要我们研究了河流和非河流沉积对河道形态和实验河流三角洲运动学的相互作用。我们比较了两个三角洲:一个是在非河流沉积(“沼泽”)的作用下形成的(处理实验),另一个是在没有替代作用(控制)的情况下形成的。研究表明,非河流沉积物的加入改变了三角洲的河道形态和运动学。值得注意的是,在处理实验中,通道外的流量明显减少,并且通道更深(作为与源径向距离的函数)且更长。我们还发现,控制组和处理组的河道在接近海岸线时都变窄,尽管控制组的河道变窄比处理组更为明显。有趣的是,处理实验中的河床通常存在于三角洲顶部陆地部分的海平面以下,形成约0.7米的稳定、不均匀回水流。然而,在控制实验中,河床一般存在于相对海平面或以上,形成了类似于形态动力回水运动和地形水流扩张的河道运动。与对照相比,河道和远场沉积之间的差异产生了更长的河道填充时间尺度,这表明在处理实验中,由河道沉积峰值引发的河道冲刷发生的频率较低。尽管存在这种差异,但全流域横向通道移动的时间尺度仍然相似。最终,三角洲顶部的非河流沉积在实验河流三角洲的河道形态和运动学中起着关键作用,产生的河道更类似于全球河流三角洲的河道,而这些河道不能仅仅通过增加实验河流三角洲的凝聚力来产生。
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Marsh-induced backwater: the influence of non-fluvial sedimentation on a delta's channel morphology and kinematics
Abstract. We investigate the interaction of fluvial and non-fluvial sedimentation on the channel morphology and kinematics of an experimental river delta. We compare two deltas: one that evolved with a proxy for non-fluvial (“marsh”) sedimentation (treatment experiment) and one that evolved without the proxy (control). We show that the addition of the non-fluvial sediment proxy alters the delta's channel morphology and kinematics. Notably, the flow outside the channels is significantly reduced in the treatment experiment, and the channels are deeper (as a function of radial distance from the source) and longer. We also find that both the control and treatment channels narrow as they approach the shoreline, though the narrowing is more pronounced in the control compared to the treatment. Interestingly, the channel beds in the treatment experiment often exist below sea level in the terrestrial portion of the delta top, creating a ∼ 0.7 m reach of steady, non-uniform backwater flow. However, in the control experiment, the channel beds generally exist at or above relative sea level, creating channel movement resembling morphodynamic backwater kinematics and topographic flow expansions. Differences between channel and far-field aggradation produce a longer channel in-filling timescale for the treatment compared to the control, suggesting that the channel avulsions triggered by a peak in channel sedimentation occur less frequently in the treatment experiment. Despite this difference, the basin-wide timescale of lateral channel mobility remains similar. Ultimately, non-fluvial sedimentation on the delta top plays a key role in the channel morphology and kinematics of an experimental river delta, producing channels which are more analogous to channels in global river deltas and which cannot be produced solely by increasing cohesion in an experimental river delta.
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来源期刊
Earth Surface Dynamics
Earth Surface Dynamics GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICALGEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCI-GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
56
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf) is an international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of high-quality research on the physical, chemical, and biological processes shaping Earth''s surface and their interactions on all scales.
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