解决微塑料环境污染的基因工程方法综述

IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI:10.1680/jenes.22.00088
D O Nyakundi, E O Mogusu, DN Kimaro
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引用次数: 1

摘要

高分子材料具有理想的化学和物理性能,在消费工业中有广泛的应用。然而,这些特性包括高疏水性、结晶性、强化学键和高分子量,抑制了野生型微生物对塑料的自然生物降解。这导致了环境中微塑料和纳米塑料的积累,预计到2050年将达到12亿吨。这种积累对陆地和海洋生态系统都有严重的健康副作用。由于塑料的高产量和广泛使用,目前用于控制环境中微塑料的方法已被证明是不够的。控制塑料污染的生物方法涉及各种微生物的酶,已成为塑料处理和回收的高效,环保和可持续的替代方法。然而,天然存在的塑料生物降解酶,由于低热稳定性和生物催化活性,具有有限的生物降解能力,从而限制了大规模应用。本文综述了利用蛋白-酶基因工程技术提高塑料生物降解酶的催化性能和利用天然纤维生产环境友好型生物塑料作为合成石油基塑料的替代品。转基因塑料降解酶具有增强的底物相互作用,增强的疏水性,更好的催化效率,增加的热稳定性和优化的塑料生物降解性。
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Genetic engineering approach to address microplastic environmental pollution – critical review
Polymeric materials have desirable chemical and physical properties leading to wide applications in consumer industries. However, such properties which include high hydrophobicity, crystallinity, strong chemical bonds and high molecular weight, inhibit natural biodegradation of plastics by wild-type microbes. This has led to the accumulation of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment that is projected to be 12 000 million metric tons by the year 2050. Such accumulations bear serious health side effects on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Current methods used to control microplastics in the environment have proved inadequate due to high plastic productions and extensive uses. Biological methods of controlling plastic pollution which involve enzymes from various microbes, has emerged as an efficient, eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to plastic treatment and recycling. However, naturally occurring plastic biodegrading enzymes, possess limited biodegradation capacity due to low thermostability and biocatalytic activities thus limiting large scale applications. This review focuses on leveraged protein-enzyme genetic engineering techniques intended to improve catalytic performance of putative plastic biodegrading enzymes and production of environmentally friendly bioplastics from natural fibers as a substitute of synthetic petroleum based plastics. Genetically modified plastic degrading enzymes possess boosted substrate interaction, increased hydrophobicity, better catalytic efficiency, increased thermostability and optimized plastic biodegradability.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science is an international, peer-reviewed publication providing a forum for the dissemination of environmental research, encouraging interdisciplinary research collaboration to address environmental problems. It addresses all aspects of environmental engineering and applied environmental science, with the exception of noise, radiation and light.
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