Zahraa Al-Dawood, Bushra Tatan, Ruba El Mootassem, M. Mortula
While plastic mulch (PM) can increase crop yield and reduce weed growth, there are negative environmental impacts associated with the production, use, and disposal of PM films. There is currently a gap in the literature on the negative impacts of PM throughout its entire lifecycles, with most studies limited to investigating the global warming potential (GWP) of the practice during field operations. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) for low density polyethylene PM for maize to investigate the environmental impacts of all stages of mulching. The LCA was conducted using SimaPro with data obtained from relevant literature and from the Ecoinvent database. The system boundaries include the production, transportation, installation, operation, removal, and disposal of the PM. The results reveal that the field operation of the PM has the highest impact in GWP. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effect of parameter variability for the field operations stage, and the GWP impact was observed to be sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide and net ecosystem carbon budget. The production of PM has the highest impact in abiotic depletion, but this impact can be reduced through energy recovery. Incineration yields the least harmful impacts, but the results of the study may vary depending on the exact disposal method. More data on the disposal of PM is needed to assess its impacts reliably and reduce uncertainties in the results. The impact of PM can be mitigated through proper waste management and mitigation measures, including regulations on disposal.
{"title":"A comprehensive lifecycle assessment of plastic mulching for maize","authors":"Zahraa Al-Dawood, Bushra Tatan, Ruba El Mootassem, M. Mortula","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00001","url":null,"abstract":"While plastic mulch (PM) can increase crop yield and reduce weed growth, there are negative environmental impacts associated with the production, use, and disposal of PM films. There is currently a gap in the literature on the negative impacts of PM throughout its entire lifecycles, with most studies limited to investigating the global warming potential (GWP) of the practice during field operations. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) for low density polyethylene PM for maize to investigate the environmental impacts of all stages of mulching. The LCA was conducted using SimaPro with data obtained from relevant literature and from the Ecoinvent database. The system boundaries include the production, transportation, installation, operation, removal, and disposal of the PM. The results reveal that the field operation of the PM has the highest impact in GWP. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effect of parameter variability for the field operations stage, and the GWP impact was observed to be sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide and net ecosystem carbon budget. The production of PM has the highest impact in abiotic depletion, but this impact can be reduced through energy recovery. Incineration yields the least harmful impacts, but the results of the study may vary depending on the exact disposal method. More data on the disposal of PM is needed to assess its impacts reliably and reduce uncertainties in the results. The impact of PM can be mitigated through proper waste management and mitigation measures, including regulations on disposal.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the European Union’s green strategy, and its member countries making a conscious effort to move away from fossil fuels and cut greenhouse gas emissions, there has been an uptake in technologies that produce green energy. Power-to-X has been an important topic in recent times, due to the so-called emission-free process of creating hydrogen, from excess renewable energy. The following research investigates this title of being emission-free, by analysing the method of obtaining extremely clean (pure) drinking water to produce this hydrogen. A linear equation was produced, that identifies the CO2 intensity per kWh of electricity used in producing each kg of water used to produce hydrogen. It was found that CO2 emissions occurred for small, medium, and large sized capacity projects based in Denmark. Indicatively, for a 1GW project facility, it was calculated that such a plant can produce 160,161 kg of CO2 per year, so apparently, nothing comes without a cost.
{"title":"Lessons from the Danish production of green hydrogen using proton membrane electrolysis of clean drinking water","authors":"Jasmin Salik, G. Xydis","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00071","url":null,"abstract":"With the European Union’s green strategy, and its member countries making a conscious effort to move away from fossil fuels and cut greenhouse gas emissions, there has been an uptake in technologies that produce green energy. Power-to-X has been an important topic in recent times, due to the so-called emission-free process of creating hydrogen, from excess renewable energy. The following research investigates this title of being emission-free, by analysing the method of obtaining extremely clean (pure) drinking water to produce this hydrogen. A linear equation was produced, that identifies the CO2 intensity per kWh of electricity used in producing each kg of water used to produce hydrogen. It was found that CO2 emissions occurred for small, medium, and large sized capacity projects based in Denmark. Indicatively, for a 1GW project facility, it was calculated that such a plant can produce 160,161 kg of CO2 per year, so apparently, nothing comes without a cost.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radio-ecological researches, i.e. studies about the radioactivity on the Absheron peninsula were launched since 1930-1932, initially based on samples taken from the soil, water, and underground water. It was determined that the main cause of the radioactive pollution in the area is not limited to the effects of radioactive isotopes of natural origin rather it takes place also due to the contamination of oilfields driven by technogenic processes and the contact of water solutions of different mineralization with rocks and oilfields. However, complete exploration of the area in those times was not possible because of lack of modern equipment and devices and new technologies. It should be noted that despite the critical ecological situation prevalent in the Absheron peninsula, no comprehensive studies have been conducted on the radiation level of the area and the diminishing of possible radiation risk among the population living and working in the nearby areas. In this paper, the regularities of distribution of the radiation background in the territory of Absheron peninsula were analyzed and the most dangerous areas in terms of dwelling and operating were identified with proposing necessary measures towards such areas. Moreover, the changing of the radioactive background in relationship with age and types of a soil was determined for the first time based on laboratory analysis of samples taken from the area and the fieldworks conducted. In the presented paper, the radiation background of the Absheron peninsula was studied, thus determining the areas with the average value of the radiation background at 8.5 mcR/h but also the areas where it equaled 400-600 mcR/h, that is, the dangerous levels for living and working.
{"title":"Assessment of the Radioecological Situation Based on Spectral Analyzes of Radionuclides","authors":"Ch S Aliyev, L. A. Kazimova","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00048","url":null,"abstract":"Radio-ecological researches, i.e. studies about the radioactivity on the Absheron peninsula were launched since 1930-1932, initially based on samples taken from the soil, water, and underground water. It was determined that the main cause of the radioactive pollution in the area is not limited to the effects of radioactive isotopes of natural origin rather it takes place also due to the contamination of oilfields driven by technogenic processes and the contact of water solutions of different mineralization with rocks and oilfields. However, complete exploration of the area in those times was not possible because of lack of modern equipment and devices and new technologies. It should be noted that despite the critical ecological situation prevalent in the Absheron peninsula, no comprehensive studies have been conducted on the radiation level of the area and the diminishing of possible radiation risk among the population living and working in the nearby areas. In this paper, the regularities of distribution of the radiation background in the territory of Absheron peninsula were analyzed and the most dangerous areas in terms of dwelling and operating were identified with proposing necessary measures towards such areas. Moreover, the changing of the radioactive background in relationship with age and types of a soil was determined for the first time based on laboratory analysis of samples taken from the area and the fieldworks conducted. In the presented paper, the radiation background of the Absheron peninsula was studied, thus determining the areas with the average value of the radiation background at 8.5 mcR/h but also the areas where it equaled 400-600 mcR/h, that is, the dangerous levels for living and working.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"46 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gómez-Marroquín, Dalia Carbonel, Stephanie Esquivel, Henry Colorado
Mercury is a heavy metal whose toxicity poses significant environmental and health risks. Utilizing biochar prepared from biomass waste is a straightforward and effective method for removing mercury from water. This research centered on producing a thiol-functionalized biochar derived from olive stone waste for the removal of Hg (II) from aqueous solutions. Characterization analyses confirmed the successful functionalization. The biochar, despite having a limited specific surface area (4.14 m2/g) due to raw material nature and pyrolysis conditions, exhibited a notable ability for Hg (II) adsorption, primarily attributed to the thiol-modified surface. Adsorption was assessed using a 2^3 factorial design, with the variables being the adsorption time, biochar dose, and initial Hg (II) concentration in the solution. The biochar dose emerged as the most influential factor, followed by the adsorption time and, lastly the initial Hg (II) concentration. The peak removal efficiency of the model stood at 98.19 %. Kinetics aligned with the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models, suggesting a surface adsorption mechanism coupled with pore diffusion. This work accentuates the potential of olive-derived biochar, when thiol-enhanced, in treating aqueous systems contaminated with Hg (II).
汞是一种重金属，其毒性对环境和健康构成重大威胁。利用从生物质废物中制备的生物炭是去除水中汞的一种直接有效的方法。这项研究的重点是利用橄榄石废料制备硫醇功能化生物炭，用于去除水溶液中的汞（II）。表征分析证实了功能化的成功。尽管生物炭的比表面积（4.14 m2/g）因原料性质和热解条件而有限，但其吸附汞（II）的能力却十分显著，这主要归功于硫醇修饰的表面。吸附评估采用 2^3 因子设计，变量为吸附时间、生物炭剂量和溶液中的汞（II）初始浓度。生物炭剂量是影响最大的因素，其次是吸附时间，最后是初始汞（II）浓度。该模型的峰值去除率为 98.19%。动力学符合伪一阶和粒内扩散模型，表明表面吸附机制与孔隙扩散相结合。这项研究突出了橄榄提取的生物炭在硫醇增强后处理受 Hg (II) 污染的水系统的潜力。
{"title":"Preparation of thiol modified olive stone-based biochar for the removal of Hg (II)from aqueous solutions","authors":"M. Gómez-Marroquín, Dalia Carbonel, Stephanie Esquivel, Henry Colorado","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00090","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury is a heavy metal whose toxicity poses significant environmental and health risks. Utilizing biochar prepared from biomass waste is a straightforward and effective method for removing mercury from water. This research centered on producing a thiol-functionalized biochar derived from olive stone waste for the removal of Hg (II) from aqueous solutions. Characterization analyses confirmed the successful functionalization. The biochar, despite having a limited specific surface area (4.14 m2/g) due to raw material nature and pyrolysis conditions, exhibited a notable ability for Hg (II) adsorption, primarily attributed to the thiol-modified surface. Adsorption was assessed using a 2^3 factorial design, with the variables being the adsorption time, biochar dose, and initial Hg (II) concentration in the solution. The biochar dose emerged as the most influential factor, followed by the adsorption time and, lastly the initial Hg (II) concentration. The peak removal efficiency of the model stood at 98.19 %. Kinetics aligned with the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models, suggesting a surface adsorption mechanism coupled with pore diffusion. This work accentuates the potential of olive-derived biochar, when thiol-enhanced, in treating aqueous systems contaminated with Hg (II).","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surfactants are a diverse group of compounds that are widely used in a range of industrial, commercial, and household applications. They are amphiphilic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, which allow them to interact with both water and oil. Surfactants have a number of important properties, including the ability to reduce surface tension, emulsify liquids, and solubilize hydrophobic compounds. These properties make them valuable in a range of applications, including detergents (hygiene products), cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products. However, the widespread use of surfactants has also raised concerns about their environmental impacts. This review provides an overview of the properties and applications of surfactants, as well as their environmental impacts, the different types of surfactants and their properties and uses in different applications, the current understanding of the environmental fate and impacts of surfactants, including their interactions with aquatic organisms, microbial communities, and natural ecosystems, and finnaly discusses the strategies for minimizing the environmental impacts of surfactants, including the development of biodegradable and environmentally friendly surfactants.
{"title":"Surfactants: hygiene’s first line of defense against pollution, properties, applications, environmental impacts, and treatment methods","authors":"Aya A. Najim, Ahmed Y. Radeef","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00095","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactants are a diverse group of compounds that are widely used in a range of industrial, commercial, and household applications. They are amphiphilic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, which allow them to interact with both water and oil. Surfactants have a number of important properties, including the ability to reduce surface tension, emulsify liquids, and solubilize hydrophobic compounds. These properties make them valuable in a range of applications, including detergents (hygiene products), cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products. However, the widespread use of surfactants has also raised concerns about their environmental impacts. This review provides an overview of the properties and applications of surfactants, as well as their environmental impacts, the different types of surfactants and their properties and uses in different applications, the current understanding of the environmental fate and impacts of surfactants, including their interactions with aquatic organisms, microbial communities, and natural ecosystems, and finnaly discusses the strategies for minimizing the environmental impacts of surfactants, including the development of biodegradable and environmentally friendly surfactants.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater, a vital resource for various human activities and ecosystems, necessitates efficient management and sustainable utilization. Groundwater potential zone mapping plays a pivotal role in identifying area where groundwater resources are abundant, thereby aiding decision-makers in optimal resource allocation. This review paper presents an in-depth analysis of diverse methods employed for groundwater potential zone mapping, offering a comprehensive overview of their strengths, weaknesses, and recent advancements. The review covers traditional methods rooted in hydrogeological principles as well as modern techniques that harness the power of geospatial technologies and machine learning. Furthermore, the paper explores the integration of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) for spatial data analysis, emphasizing their role in enhancing the accuracy of potential zone mapping. In the context of recent advancements, the review sheds light on the emergence of hybrid methods that combine the strengths of multiple approaches, resulting in improved prediction accuracy and robustness. Challenges associated with each method, such as data quality, model complexity, and interpretability, are critically examined, providing insights into the potential limitations and avenues for improvement. The review also emphasizes the importance of validation and uncertainty assessment ensuring the reliability of potential zone mapping results. Finally, this review paper serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers engaged in groundwater resource management. By offering a holistic understanding of the diverse methods available for groundwater potential zone mapping, this paper contributes to informed decision-making and the advancement of sustainable groundwater management practices.
{"title":"Groundwater resource exploration and mapping methods: a review","authors":"Meryl Mae C Rodriguez, Tender P Ferolin","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00051","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater, a vital resource for various human activities and ecosystems, necessitates efficient management and sustainable utilization. Groundwater potential zone mapping plays a pivotal role in identifying area where groundwater resources are abundant, thereby aiding decision-makers in optimal resource allocation. This review paper presents an in-depth analysis of diverse methods employed for groundwater potential zone mapping, offering a comprehensive overview of their strengths, weaknesses, and recent advancements. The review covers traditional methods rooted in hydrogeological principles as well as modern techniques that harness the power of geospatial technologies and machine learning. Furthermore, the paper explores the integration of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) for spatial data analysis, emphasizing their role in enhancing the accuracy of potential zone mapping. In the context of recent advancements, the review sheds light on the emergence of hybrid methods that combine the strengths of multiple approaches, resulting in improved prediction accuracy and robustness. Challenges associated with each method, such as data quality, model complexity, and interpretability, are critically examined, providing insights into the potential limitations and avenues for improvement. The review also emphasizes the importance of validation and uncertainty assessment ensuring the reliability of potential zone mapping results. Finally, this review paper serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers engaged in groundwater resource management. By offering a holistic understanding of the diverse methods available for groundwater potential zone mapping, this paper contributes to informed decision-making and the advancement of sustainable groundwater management practices.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Droughts have become more severe and prolonged in recent years, causing significant social and environmental impacts. Analysing drought conditions with various climatic and socio-economic factors is critical for effective drought monitoring. This study investigated the correlation between drought severity and climatic and socio-economic changes in a study area – San Diego County, CA, USA. The drought severity was quantified using three drought indices: standardised precipitation index, standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index and standardised streamflow index. These indices were also used to describe the variation of the drought severity in the study area. The study employed Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis to evaluate the correlations between the drought indices and climatic and socio-economic factors. The results showed that the drought indices indicated similar variations of the droughts in the study area. However, the severity, duration and frequency of the droughts varied with the timescales in the drought index analysis. Additionally, this study found that the drought conditions based on the three indices had strong negative correlations with precipitation, soil moisture, agricultural area and forest area, which were more pronounced as the timescale increased. The findings will provide insights into effective drought monitoring and management, particularly targeting severe droughts.
{"title":"Evaluating the correlation of SPI, SPEI, and SSI with climatic and socioeconomic factors for drought monitoring","authors":"Amrit Babu Ghimire, Omar Faruk, Nur Shadia, Utsav Parajuli, Sangmin Shin","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00070","url":null,"abstract":"Droughts have become more severe and prolonged in recent years, causing significant social and environmental impacts. Analysing drought conditions with various climatic and socio-economic factors is critical for effective drought monitoring. This study investigated the correlation between drought severity and climatic and socio-economic changes in a study area – San Diego County, CA, USA. The drought severity was quantified using three drought indices: standardised precipitation index, standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index and standardised streamflow index. These indices were also used to describe the variation of the drought severity in the study area. The study employed Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis to evaluate the correlations between the drought indices and climatic and socio-economic factors. The results showed that the drought indices indicated similar variations of the droughts in the study area. However, the severity, duration and frequency of the droughts varied with the timescales in the drought index analysis. Additionally, this study found that the drought conditions based on the three indices had strong negative correlations with precipitation, soil moisture, agricultural area and forest area, which were more pronounced as the timescale increased. The findings will provide insights into effective drought monitoring and management, particularly targeting severe droughts.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluation of wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) performance is important to determine whether the plant produces an acceptable treated effluent satisfying the water quality standards for reuse. Modelling of WWTPs is required for optimising plant performance and choosing the optimum operation strategy. This study simulated the Kabd WWTP in Kuwait using the BioWin software. The plant receives 180 000 m 3 /day of domestic wastewater and comprises primary, secondary (activated sludge) and tertiary treatment stages. Daily data obtained from the WWTP during 2013–2018 were used for modelling plant performance under steady-state operation. The model could describe plant operation and accurately predict the effluent characteristics for the conditions examined. A high correlation (R 2 = 0.95–0.99) was obtained between the predicted and actual values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids as main parameters characterising wastewater. The tertiary-treated effluent consistently satisfied the water quality criteria for reuse in irrigation. Using the model could aid in securing compliance of effluent quality with the local environmental standards. Factorial analysis revealed that COD and BOD are the most important parameters describing plant performance. Reliability analysis showed that the coefficient of variability was low (0.328) at a level of reliability of 95%, leading to a high coefficient reliability of 0.631, which indicates a highly stable plant performance. It is recommended to include reliability analysis in evaluating plant performance to demonstrate consistency in the ability of the plant to produce effluents satisfying requirements set by environmental authorities.
{"title":"Modelling of a wastewater-treatment plant for process reliability and effluent reuse","authors":"Omar A Refaat, Mohamed F Hamoda","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00074","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) performance is important to determine whether the plant produces an acceptable treated effluent satisfying the water quality standards for reuse. Modelling of WWTPs is required for optimising plant performance and choosing the optimum operation strategy. This study simulated the Kabd WWTP in Kuwait using the BioWin software. The plant receives 180 000 m 3 /day of domestic wastewater and comprises primary, secondary (activated sludge) and tertiary treatment stages. Daily data obtained from the WWTP during 2013–2018 were used for modelling plant performance under steady-state operation. The model could describe plant operation and accurately predict the effluent characteristics for the conditions examined. A high correlation (R 2 = 0.95–0.99) was obtained between the predicted and actual values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids as main parameters characterising wastewater. The tertiary-treated effluent consistently satisfied the water quality criteria for reuse in irrigation. Using the model could aid in securing compliance of effluent quality with the local environmental standards. Factorial analysis revealed that COD and BOD are the most important parameters describing plant performance. Reliability analysis showed that the coefficient of variability was low (0.328) at a level of reliability of 95%, leading to a high coefficient reliability of 0.631, which indicates a highly stable plant performance. It is recommended to include reliability analysis in evaluating plant performance to demonstrate consistency in the ability of the plant to produce effluents satisfying requirements set by environmental authorities.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW-AOP) was used to treat thickened waste secondary sludge prior to anaerobic digestion (AD). A large amount of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was formed in the solution after pretreatment. Both single- and two-phase systems loaded up to 18.2 g volatile solids/(l day) while achieving high methane production, as well as high overall treatment efficiency. Both the upflow anaerobic blanket reactor and the continuous stirred tank reactor could operate at very short hydraulic retention times as short as 2 days without any evidence of souring. The results indicated that an acid reactor in the two-phase system was not required, due to very high levels of SCOD and VFAs produced in the MW-AOP-pretreated solution. As such, a single AD should be able to handle this easily biodegradable substrate following microwave pretreatment.
{"title":"Anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge after microwave enhanced advance oxidation pretreatment","authors":"Sarah Ries, Ping Liao, Donald Mavinic, Victor Lo","doi":"10.1680/jenes.22.00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00073","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW-AOP) was used to treat thickened waste secondary sludge prior to anaerobic digestion (AD). A large amount of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was formed in the solution after pretreatment. Both single- and two-phase systems loaded up to 18.2 g volatile solids/(l day) while achieving high methane production, as well as high overall treatment efficiency. Both the upflow anaerobic blanket reactor and the continuous stirred tank reactor could operate at very short hydraulic retention times as short as 2 days without any evidence of souring. The results indicated that an acid reactor in the two-phase system was not required, due to very high levels of SCOD and VFAs produced in the MW-AOP-pretreated solution. As such, a single AD should be able to handle this easily biodegradable substrate following microwave pretreatment.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bisphenol-A is one of the emerging pollutants,which easily escapes conventional treatment techniques. It requires application of novel composite materials along with mathematical modelling for optimization and evaluation of treatment process. In present study, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2) were doped on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to develop an adsorptive-oxidative composite .Composite was characterized using transmission electronmicroscope,X-raydiffraction,RAMANspectroscopy,X-rayphotoelectron sectroscopy,fourier-transform infrared spectroscopyand Surface area analysistoconfirm composite formation and study its properties. Conventional optimization of PH(4-10)BPA initialconcentration(10-50 mg/L), contact time(0-60mins)was carried out and found to be fitting well with Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.99) and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics reaction. Central composite design (CCD) model was applied using Response surface methodology (RSM) to study individual parameters and their interaction effects in order to enhance the process efficiency. Further, the experimental data sets and their responses from RSM were analyzed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). (80%) of Random experimental sets of which (10%)each to Train,Validate and Test were selected to analyze the variance of models for higher efficiency using Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation (LM-BP) algorithm. Additionally, BPA spiked simulated pharmaceutical wastewater was treated with composite to explore its treatment potential. This systematic experimental and computational approach aids in optimizing the treatment efficiency for real-time application.
{"title":"An effective Application of response surface methodology combined-artificial neural network for bisphenol-A(BPA) treatment using synthesized CNT-MnO<sub>2</sub> composite","authors":"Md Habeeb Ahmed, Sangeetha Subramanian","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00033","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphenol-A is one of the emerging pollutants,which easily escapes conventional treatment techniques. It requires application of novel composite materials along with mathematical modelling for optimization and evaluation of treatment process. In present study, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2) were doped on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to develop an adsorptive-oxidative composite .Composite was characterized using transmission electronmicroscope,X-raydiffraction,RAMANspectroscopy,X-rayphotoelectron sectroscopy,fourier-transform infrared spectroscopyand Surface area analysistoconfirm composite formation and study its properties. Conventional optimization of PH(4-10)BPA initialconcentration(10-50 mg/L), contact time(0-60mins)was carried out and found to be fitting well with Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.99) and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics reaction. Central composite design (CCD) model was applied using Response surface methodology (RSM) to study individual parameters and their interaction effects in order to enhance the process efficiency. Further, the experimental data sets and their responses from RSM were analyzed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). (80%) of Random experimental sets of which (10%)each to Train,Validate and Test were selected to analyze the variance of models for higher efficiency using Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation (LM-BP) algorithm. Additionally, BPA spiked simulated pharmaceutical wastewater was treated with composite to explore its treatment potential. This systematic experimental and computational approach aids in optimizing the treatment efficiency for real-time application.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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