瑞典反犹太主义的中世纪根源

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nordisk Judaistik-Scandinavian Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI:10.30752/nj.125978
Cordelia Heß
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引用次数: 0

摘要

当地犹太社区的缺乏并没有阻止中世纪瑞典的神职人员和俗人对犹太人和犹太问题的兴趣。他们购买、翻译、阅读和宣讲了大多数可用的文本来源,从而传播了广为流传的释经学犹太人的观点:一个残酷、固执和丑陋的人,同时也是整个犹太人的密码,无论是在圣经时代还是今天。本文概述了带有反犹太主题和文本的拉丁语和白话手稿,并表明瑞典图书馆和收藏中可以找到主要和最常见的文本模型和主题,从传说到伪文本再到假争论——加起来是一个相对完整的“解释学犹太人”。和欧洲其他地方一样,重点是与激情有关的虔诚,这是中世纪晚期最常见的虔诚形式,通常与明显的反犹太特征有关。我们可以在中世纪抄本和19世纪的现代印刷小册子之间建立直接和间接的传统文本和叙述线,这一事实证明,瑞典的反犹太刻板印象长期以来是可理解的- -完全独立于犹太少数民族发展和传播。因此,中世纪的观点为关于北方反犹主义的辩论增加了一个急需的细微差别:它不需要任何真正的犹太人;它只是根据一般的基督教传统,自己编造出来的。
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medieval roots of antisemitism in Sweden
The lack of a local Jewish community did not prevent medieval Swedish clerics and lay people from being interested in Jews and Jewish questions. They bought, translated, read and preached from most of the available textual sources and thus spread the widely available views of the hermeneutical Jew: a cruel, stubborn and ugly person and at the same time a cipher for the entire Jewish people both in biblical times and today. This article gives an overview of the Latin and vernacular manuscripts with anti-Jewish motifs and texts and shows that the main and most common textual models and motifs were available in Swedish libraries and collections, from legends via apocryphal texts to fake disputations – adding up to a relatively complete ‘hermeneutical Jew’. A focus was, as in the rest of Europe, on Passion-related piety, which was the most common form of piety in the late Middle Ages – and usually connected with distinct anti-Jewish features. The fact that we can establish direct and indirect textual and narrative lines of tradition between the medieval codices and modern printed booklets of the nineteenth century proves the long-lasting intelligibility of anti-Jewish stereotypes in Sweden – developed and spread completely independently from the Jewish minority. The medieval perspective thus adds a much-needed nuance to the debate about antisemitism in the North: it did not need any actual Jews; it simply made up its own, based on the general Christian tradition.
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来源期刊
Nordisk Judaistik-Scandinavian Jewish Studies
Nordisk Judaistik-Scandinavian Jewish Studies HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
9
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊最新文献
Ett judiskt kristet arv Cultural transfer in Swedish exile Christianity without Christ? Hugo Valentin's scholarly campaign against antisemitism Tysk-judisk migration till Sverige
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