Understanding the spatial interaction of ultrasounds based on three-dimensional dual-frequency ultrasonic field numerical simulation

A transient 3D model was established to investigate the effect of spatial interaction of ultrasounds on the dual-frequency ultrasonic field in magnesium alloy melt. The effects of insertion depth and tip shape of the ultrasonic rods, input pressures and their ratio on the acoustic field distribution were discussed in detail. Additionally, the spacing, angle, and insertion depth of two ultrasonic rods significantly affect the interaction between distinct ultrasounds. As a result, various acoustic pressure distributions and cavitation regions are obtained. The spherical rods mitigate the longitudinal and transversal attenuation of acoustic pressure and expand the cavitation volume by 53.7% and 31.7%, respectively, compared to the plate and conical rods. Increasing the input pressure will enlarge the cavitation region but has no effect on the acoustic pressure distribution pattern. The acoustic pressure ratio significantly affects the pressure distribution and the cavitation region, and the best cavitation effect is obtained at the ratio of 2:1 (P15:P20).