Role of natural bioactive compounds in the management of neurodegenerative disorders

Lately, substantial exploration and study have focused on natural products, along with their bioactive compounds. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involve progressive neural breakdown and cell loss, culminating in neuronal death. The brain is susceptible to various forms of stress, particularly oxidative stress (OS) caused by the body's oxygen requirements and utilization. The vulnerability of the brain is heightened by the significant presence of unsaturated fatty acids. To gain accurate insights into NDD, various factors such as genetics and environmental risks must be considered, as they can reduce the effectiveness of therapies for NDDs. Addressing oxidative damage and discovering safe and efficient treatments for NDDs are crucial objectives. In this pursuit, bioactive compounds play a vital role in research. Among these compounds, natural elements such as carotenoids, essential oils, essential fatty acids, polyphenols, and phytosterols are captivating due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory traits. These qualities hold the potential for enhancing brain health. This review centers on assessing how these bioactive compounds can bolster the brain's limited antioxidant and regenerative abilities, foster neurogenesis, offer neuroprotection, and mitigate NDDs.