Aceclofenac loaded microspheres: Formulation and evaluation of novel preprogrammed drug delivery for the treatment of arthritis

Arthritis is a widespread joint disorder globally, the patient completely dependent on NSAIDs which are administered after a fixed interval to subside the pain. This work aims to establish a preprogrammed drug delivery system of aceclofenac with a predetermined lag time for the treatment of arthritis. This new preprogrammed formulation microsphere reduces the time-dependent dose administration as it steadily releases the drug in the blood circulation reducing side effects and increasing patient compliance. Aceclofenac (ACF) loaded polymer microspheres were prepared by a new emulsification and crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Microspheres were prepared in 6 batches using different polymers like sodium alginate, guar gum and chitosan, alone, as well as in combinations. The type and quantity of polymers were changed in every batch while the amount of aceclofenac was unvarying. The microspheres were then evaluated for the particle size, drug content, percentage yield, percentage entrapment efficiency and percentage drug release followed by noting the lag time. The microsphere loaded with aceclofenac were formulated and evaluated, the result showed that all the preparations showed a good lag time (2–3 ​h), but chitosan (alone) gave the highest lag time, which fulfills the aim of pre-programmed drug delivery system. Preprogrammed drug release has been achieved from the microspheres over a period of 0–7 ​h, consistent with the demand for chronotherapeutic drug delivery for the treatment of arthritis. The major signification of the preparation technique includes short processing time and the lack of exposure of the ingredients to high temperatures. Aceclofenac-loaded microspheres offer a promising avenue for arthritis treatment, ensuring sustained drug release. Their potential clinical implications include enhanced therapeutic efficacy, reduced side effects, and improved patient compliance. Future directions may involve personalized formulations, targeted delivery systems, and exploring applications beyond arthritis, expanding the scope of this innovative drug delivery approach.