基于正义价值的无继承人遗嘱公证角色的法律重构

Gunarto Gunarto, Diah Trimurti Saleh, Anis Mashdurohatun
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摘要

本研究的目的是利用建构主义范式,通过对举证者的直接访谈,在理论步骤的实证支持下,通过研究文献,分析和重构印度尼西亚多元继承制度中公证人在不指定遗嘱继承人的情况下订立遗嘱中的角色规定。研究结果表明,印度尼西亚婚姻中的亲属制度是弱点的根源,即父母或双边亲属制度,孩子合法地继承父亲和母亲的血统,母系制度,孩子合法地继承母亲的血统,父系制度,孩子合法地继承父亲的血统。这导致一些居民遵守其他法律,如伊斯兰继承法,还有一些人遵守各种习惯法。因此,继承法中出现矛盾的情况并不少见,尤其是遗嘱继承与继承人的继承制度之间的矛盾。因此,由于印度尼西亚继承法的多元化,法律重建的形式是必须在《公证人地位法》第16条第(1)款i和j中增加为每个人口群体订立遗嘱的程序。基于对继承人、公证人和遗嘱相关方的正义价值,这应该通过协调印度尼西亚人口群体之间的法律制度来实现,从而为继承人、继承人和整个社会提供有益的价值。
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Legal Reconstruction of Notary Role in the Making of a will without Heir Appointment Based on Justice Value
The aim of this research is to analyze and reconstruct the regulations on the role of Notaries in making will deeds without appointing an heir of the will in the midst of a pluralistic inheritance system in Indonesia using a constructivism paradigm, through direct interviews with informants empirically supported with studies literature through theoretical steps. Research Result shows that the weakness started from the kinship system in marriage in Indonesia which is the parental or bilateral kinship system where a child legally inherits from his father's and mother's lineage, the matrilineal system where a child legally inherits from his mother's lineage only, the kinship system patrilineal where a child legally inherits from his father's lineage only. This causes some residents to adhere to other laws such as Islamic inheritance law, and to some, the various customary law. Therefore It is not uncommon for there to be contradictions in inheritance law, especially between inheritance through a will and the inheritance system adopted by the heir. Therefore the legal reconstruction due to the pluralism of inheritance law in Indonesia is in the form where the procedures for making wills for each population group must be added to article 16 number (1) letters i and j of the Notary Position Law. based on the value of justice for both heirs, notaries, and parties related to wills, this should be done through harmonization of the legal system between population groups in Indonesia so as to provide beneficial values for heirs, heirs, and society in general.
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