Bachtiar W. Mutaqin, Muhammad Nadafa Isnain, Muh Aris Marfai, Hendy Fatchurohman, Adolfo Quesada-Román, Nurul Khakhim
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Validation was conducted by comparing elevation values from DEMNAS to the true elevation values in four very small islands in Karimunjawa, namely Cemara Besar, Cemara Kecil, Menjangan Besar, and Menjangan Kecil. The true elevation values were obtained by orthorectification of aerial imagery using a DJI Mavic Air-2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The orthorectification came from ground control points (GCP) from the geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS). In the study area, fourteen GCP were erected; for more significant coverage, they were placed along the edges of the very small islands. After that, Agisoft software analyzed the images to produce a DEM using GCP orthorectification. Based on 280 sampling points, we applied a root-mean-square error (RMSE) to calculate elevation errors, and we performed the linear error 90% (LE90) calculation to judge the average errors with the 90% threshold of absolute values of discrepancies. The DEMNAS RMSE and LE90 calculation results in the Karimunjawa archipelago were 6.33 m and 10.45 m, respectively. Citing Regulation Number 15 of the Head of the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency of 2014 concerning Technical Guidelines for Basic Map Accuracy, DEMNAS with 10.45 m LE90 can be utilized for producing geomorphological maps with scales of 1:25,000 or smaller. However, detailed geomorphological mapping of a very small island (less than 100 km<sup>2</sup>) needs better DEM data that is usually produced using aerial photogrammetry. Using UAVs for DEMs creation may benefit small island developing states (SIDS) worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46286,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geomatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessing the accuracy of open-source digital elevation models for the geomorphological analysis of very small islands of Indonesia\",\"authors\":\"Bachtiar W. Mutaqin, Muhammad Nadafa Isnain, Muh Aris Marfai, Hendy Fatchurohman, Adolfo Quesada-Román, Nurul Khakhim\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12518-023-00533-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Digital elevation models (DEMs) are used for many geosciences studies; hence, their accuracy is essential. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
数字高程模型(dem)用于许多地球科学研究;因此,它们的准确性至关重要。在世界各地,有许多大小和密度不同的小岛;因此,在非常小的岛屿上评估DEM的准确性非常重要,因为DEM是许多调查的主要数据源,特别是在地貌学、土地利用规划和灾害管理方面。因此,本文旨在验证开源印尼DEM (DEMNAS)在印度尼西亚卡里蒙贾瓦非常小的岛屿上的准确性。通过将DEMNAS的高程值与Karimunjawa的四个非常小的岛屿(Cemara Besar, Cemara Kecil, Menjangan Besar和Menjangan Kecil)的真实高程值进行比较进行验证。使用大疆Mavic Air-2无人机(UAV)对航拍影像进行正校正,获得真实高程值。正射电来自全球定位系统(GPS)的地面控制点(GCP)。研究区共建立了14个GCP;为了获得更大的覆盖范围,它们被放置在非常小的岛屿的边缘。之后,Agisoft软件对图像进行分析,使用GCP正校正生成DEM。基于280个采样点,采用均方根误差(RMSE)计算高程误差,并以差异绝对值的90%为阈值,进行线性误差90% (LE90)计算,判断平均误差。Karimunjawa群岛的DEMNAS RMSE和LE90计算结果分别为6.33 m和10.45 m。引用2014年印度尼西亚地理空间信息机构负责人关于基本地图精度技术指南的第15号条例,10.45 m LE90的DEMNAS可用于制作1:25 000或更小比例尺的地貌图。然而,一个非常小的岛屿(小于100平方公里)的详细地貌测绘需要更好的DEM数据,而这些数据通常是使用航空摄影测量产生的。使用无人机创建dem可能会使全世界的小岛屿发展中国家(SIDS)受益。
Assessing the accuracy of open-source digital elevation models for the geomorphological analysis of very small islands of Indonesia
Digital elevation models (DEMs) are used for many geosciences studies; hence, their accuracy is essential. Throughout the world, there are many small islands of various sizes and densities; hence, it is important to assess the DEM accuracy on very small islands since DEMs serve as the major data source for many investigations, particularly in geomorphology, land-use planning, and disaster management. Therefore, this paper aims to validate the accuracy of an open-source Indonesian DEM (DEMNAS) in the very small islands of Karimunjawa–Indonesia. Validation was conducted by comparing elevation values from DEMNAS to the true elevation values in four very small islands in Karimunjawa, namely Cemara Besar, Cemara Kecil, Menjangan Besar, and Menjangan Kecil. The true elevation values were obtained by orthorectification of aerial imagery using a DJI Mavic Air-2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The orthorectification came from ground control points (GCP) from the geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS). In the study area, fourteen GCP were erected; for more significant coverage, they were placed along the edges of the very small islands. After that, Agisoft software analyzed the images to produce a DEM using GCP orthorectification. Based on 280 sampling points, we applied a root-mean-square error (RMSE) to calculate elevation errors, and we performed the linear error 90% (LE90) calculation to judge the average errors with the 90% threshold of absolute values of discrepancies. The DEMNAS RMSE and LE90 calculation results in the Karimunjawa archipelago were 6.33 m and 10.45 m, respectively. Citing Regulation Number 15 of the Head of the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency of 2014 concerning Technical Guidelines for Basic Map Accuracy, DEMNAS with 10.45 m LE90 can be utilized for producing geomorphological maps with scales of 1:25,000 or smaller. However, detailed geomorphological mapping of a very small island (less than 100 km2) needs better DEM data that is usually produced using aerial photogrammetry. Using UAVs for DEMs creation may benefit small island developing states (SIDS) worldwide.
期刊介绍:
Applied Geomatics (AGMJ) is the official journal of SIFET the Italian Society of Photogrammetry and Topography and covers all aspects and information on scientific and technical advances in the geomatics sciences. The Journal publishes innovative contributions in geomatics applications ranging from the integration of instruments, methodologies and technologies and their use in the environmental sciences, engineering and other natural sciences.
The areas of interest include many research fields such as: remote sensing, close range and videometric photogrammetry, image analysis, digital mapping, land and geographic information systems, geographic information science, integrated geodesy, spatial data analysis, heritage recording; network adjustment and numerical processes. Furthermore, Applied Geomatics is open to articles from all areas of deformation measurements and analysis, structural engineering, mechanical engineering and all trends in earth and planetary survey science and space technology. The Journal also contains notices of conferences and international workshops, industry news, and information on new products. It provides a useful forum for professional and academic scientists involved in geomatics science and technology.
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