基于边界元法的日语元音/i/和/u/声学模拟方法

IF 1.3 Q3 ACOUSTICS Acoustics (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI:10.3390/acoustics5020033
Mami Shiraishi, Katsuaki Mishima, Masahiro Takekawa, Masaaki Mori, Hirotsugu Umeda
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在建立并验证日文元音/i/和/u/持续发声的声学模拟方法的有效性。这项研究的参与者是六名健康的成年人。首先,基于计算机断层扫描(CT)数据构建声道模型,例如在持续发/i/和/u/音时从额窦到声门的范围。为了模拟气管,在实际延长12厘米后,在气管分叉和声门下部之间的声道模型中添加圆柱形。然后,分别用边界元法和Kirchhoff-Helmholtz积分方程对声音传播的波动方程进行离散化和表示。结果表明,/i/和/u/的元音形成峰频率与实际语音的相对区别阈值分别为1.1-10.2%和0.4-9.3%,而/u/的元音形成峰频率与实际语音的相对区别阈值分别为3.9-7.5%和5.0-12.5%。在具有鼻偶联的声道模型中,在500 Hz左右观察到一个极-零对,对于/i/和/u/,无论是否存在鼻偶联,在1000 Hz左右观察到一个极-零对。因此,边界元方法通过分析边界问题而不是三维方面产生解,被认为是有效的模拟日语元音/i/和/u/具有高效度的声道模型,包括从额窦到气管的广泛范围,从持续发声过程中获得的CT数据构建。
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An Acoustic Simulation Method of the Japanese Vowels /i/ and /u/ by Using the Boundary Element Method
This study aimed to establish and verify the validity of an acoustic simulation method during sustained phonation of the Japanese vowels /i/ and /u/. The study participants were six healthy adults. First, vocal tract models were constructed based on computed tomography (CT) data, such as the range from the frontal sinus to the glottis, during sustained phonation of /i/ and /u/. To imitate the trachea, after being virtually extended by 12 cm, cylindrical shapes were then added to the vocal tract models between the tracheal bifurcation and the lower part of the glottis. Next, the boundary element method and the Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral equation were used for discretization and to represent the wave equation for sound propagation, respectively. As a result, the relative discrimination thresholds of the vowel formant frequencies for /i/ and /u/ against actual voice were 1.1–10.2% and 0.4–9.3% for the first formant and 3.9–7.5% and 5.0–12.5% for the second formant, respectively. In the vocal tract model with nasal coupling, a pole–zero pair was observed at around 500 Hz, and for both /i/ and /u/, a pole–zero pair was observed at around 1000 Hz regardless of the presence or absence of nasal coupling. Therefore, the boundary element method, which produces solutions by analysis of boundary problems rather than three-dimensional aspects, was thought to be effective for simulating the Japanese vowels /i/ and /u/ with high validity for the vocal tract models encompassing a wide range, from the frontal sinuses to the trachea, constructed from CT data obtained during sustained phonation.
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11 weeks
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