对比标记(“但是”)、选择标记(“主题标记”)和语序在模糊对立对比领域中的相互作用

IF 1.7 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI:10.1515/lingty-2022-0019
Bernhard Wälchli
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本研究是一项基于平行文本的对立对比领域(也称为“语义对立”)的大规模比较语料库研究。相反对比被建立为对比相似空间(“但是”)的模糊区域,该区域还以VSO/ vos语言中选择词(“主题标记”)和初始非谓语短语的出现为特征。主要发现是许多语言都有特殊的对立对比标记,尽管真正的中间标记很少,但在对立对比标记和选择性标记之间存在连续统一体。对期望对比和反期望对比的渐近性可以用语义模糊性和强调度来解释,强调度依赖于尺度。对比是一种修辞话语关系,强烈的对立对比可以作为一种说服策略,旨在逐步建立新的共同点。相反对比的模糊性具有重要的理论和方法意义。领域的编码既不遵循严格的普遍性,也不是最大限度地多样化(多样性受到强烈约束)。由于其句法特性,对立对比不能仅仅被认为是一个预先建立的语言外语义域。此外,对比表现出高度的语言内部变异性。稳定语法和突现语法都反映了总体趋势。
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The interplay of contrast markers (‘but’), selectives (“topic markers”) and word order in the fuzzy oppositive contrast domain
Abstract This investigation is a large-scale comparative corpus study of the oppositive contrast domain (also called “semantic opposition”) based on parallel texts. Oppositive contrast is established as a fuzzy region of the similarity space of contrast (‘but’), a domain also characterized by the occurrence of selectives (“topic markers”) and of initial non-predicative phrases in VSO/VOS-languages. Major findings are that many languages have special oppositive contrast markers and that there is a continuum between oppositive contrast markers and selectives, although truly intermediate markers are rare. The gradualness between oppositive and counterexpectative contrast is explained by semantic fuzziness and by emphasis, with strong emphasis being dependent on scales. Contrast is a rhetorical discourse relation and strong oppositive contrast can be used as a persuasive strategy aiming at establishing new common ground stepwise. The fuzziness of oppositive contrast has major theoretical and methodological implications. The encoding of the domain neither follows strict universals nor is it maximally diverse (diversity is strongly constrained). Due to its syntactic properties, oppositive contrast cannot be conceived of merely as a preestablished extralinguistic semantic domain. Furthermore, contrast exhibits a high degree of language-internal variability. General trends are reflected both by stable and by emergent grammar.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
5.00%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: Linguistic Typology provides a forum for all work of relevance to the study of language typology and cross-linguistic variation. It welcomes work taking a typological perspective on all domains of the structure of spoken and signed languages, including historical change, language processing, and sociolinguistics. Diverse descriptive and theoretical frameworks are welcomed so long as they have a clear bearing on the study of cross-linguistic variation. We welcome cross-disciplinary approaches to the study of linguistic diversity, as well as work dealing with just one or a few languages, as long as it is typologically informed and typologically and theoretically relevant, and contains new empirical evidence.
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