Sam Stadler, Stephan Schennen, Thomas Hiller, Jan Igel
{"title":"地雷和简易爆炸装置探地雷达探测的真实模拟,包括天线模型、土壤色散和非均质性","authors":"Sam Stadler, Stephan Schennen, Thomas Hiller, Jan Igel","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12282","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective tool for detecting landmines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and its performance is strongly influenced by subsurface properties as well as the characteristics of the target. To complement or replace labour‐intensive experiments on test sites, cost‐efficient electromagnetic wave propagation simulations using the Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain (FDTD) method are being increasingly used. However, to obtain realistic synthetic data, accurate modelling of signal alteration caused by dispersion, scattering of soil material, target contrast, shape, and inner setup, as well as the coupling effects of the antenna to the ground is required. In this study, we present a detailed 3D model of a shielded GPR antenna applied to various scenarios containing metallic and non‐metallic targets buried in different soils. The frequency‐dependent intrinsic material properties of soil samples were measured with the coaxial transmission‐line technique, while a discrete random media was used to implement the heterogeneity of a gravel based on its grain‐size distribution. Our simulations show very good agreement with experimental validation data collected under controlled conditions. We accurately reproduce the amplitude and frequency content, phase of target signals, subsurface's background noise, antenna crosstalk and its interference with target signals, and the effect of antenna elevation. The approach allows for systematic investigation of the effects of soil, target, and sensor properties on detection performance, providing insight into novel and complex GPR scenarios and the potential for a wide range of simulation possibilities for demining with GPR. These investigations have the potential to improve the safety and effectiveness of landmine and IED detection in the future, such as building a database for training deminers or developing automatic signal pattern recognition algorithms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":49771,"journal":{"name":"Near Surface Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Realistic simulation of GPR for landmine and IED detection including antenna models, soil dispersion and heterogeneity\",\"authors\":\"Sam Stadler, Stephan Schennen, Thomas Hiller, Jan Igel\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/nsg.12282\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective tool for detecting landmines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and its performance is strongly influenced by subsurface properties as well as the characteristics of the target. To complement or replace labour‐intensive experiments on test sites, cost‐efficient electromagnetic wave propagation simulations using the Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain (FDTD) method are being increasingly used. However, to obtain realistic synthetic data, accurate modelling of signal alteration caused by dispersion, scattering of soil material, target contrast, shape, and inner setup, as well as the coupling effects of the antenna to the ground is required. In this study, we present a detailed 3D model of a shielded GPR antenna applied to various scenarios containing metallic and non‐metallic targets buried in different soils. The frequency‐dependent intrinsic material properties of soil samples were measured with the coaxial transmission‐line technique, while a discrete random media was used to implement the heterogeneity of a gravel based on its grain‐size distribution. Our simulations show very good agreement with experimental validation data collected under controlled conditions. We accurately reproduce the amplitude and frequency content, phase of target signals, subsurface's background noise, antenna crosstalk and its interference with target signals, and the effect of antenna elevation. The approach allows for systematic investigation of the effects of soil, target, and sensor properties on detection performance, providing insight into novel and complex GPR scenarios and the potential for a wide range of simulation possibilities for demining with GPR. These investigations have the potential to improve the safety and effectiveness of landmine and IED detection in the future, such as building a database for training deminers or developing automatic signal pattern recognition algorithms. This article is protected by copyright. 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Realistic simulation of GPR for landmine and IED detection including antenna models, soil dispersion and heterogeneity
Abstract Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective tool for detecting landmines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and its performance is strongly influenced by subsurface properties as well as the characteristics of the target. To complement or replace labour‐intensive experiments on test sites, cost‐efficient electromagnetic wave propagation simulations using the Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain (FDTD) method are being increasingly used. However, to obtain realistic synthetic data, accurate modelling of signal alteration caused by dispersion, scattering of soil material, target contrast, shape, and inner setup, as well as the coupling effects of the antenna to the ground is required. In this study, we present a detailed 3D model of a shielded GPR antenna applied to various scenarios containing metallic and non‐metallic targets buried in different soils. The frequency‐dependent intrinsic material properties of soil samples were measured with the coaxial transmission‐line technique, while a discrete random media was used to implement the heterogeneity of a gravel based on its grain‐size distribution. Our simulations show very good agreement with experimental validation data collected under controlled conditions. We accurately reproduce the amplitude and frequency content, phase of target signals, subsurface's background noise, antenna crosstalk and its interference with target signals, and the effect of antenna elevation. The approach allows for systematic investigation of the effects of soil, target, and sensor properties on detection performance, providing insight into novel and complex GPR scenarios and the potential for a wide range of simulation possibilities for demining with GPR. These investigations have the potential to improve the safety and effectiveness of landmine and IED detection in the future, such as building a database for training deminers or developing automatic signal pattern recognition algorithms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
期刊介绍:
Near Surface Geophysics is an international journal for the publication of research and development in geophysics applied to near surface. It places emphasis on geological, hydrogeological, geotechnical, environmental, engineering, mining, archaeological, agricultural and other applications of geophysics as well as physical soil and rock properties. Geophysical and geoscientific case histories with innovative use of geophysical techniques are welcome, which may include improvements on instrumentation, measurements, data acquisition and processing, modelling, inversion, interpretation, project management and multidisciplinary use. The papers should also be understandable to those who use geophysical data but are not necessarily geophysicists.