通过混合创造新词的词典编纂方法

IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS International Journal of Lexicography Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI:10.1558/lexi.26356
Yongwei Gao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

混合一直被认为是一种非生产性的构词过程。“Portmanteau”是一个通过混合而形成的单词,可以追溯到刘易斯·卡罗尔1871年出版的《爱丽丝镜中奇遇记》,但最早以这种方式创造的单词是在中世纪晚期被发现使用的,其中许多都没有保存下来。在随后的几个世纪里,混合物的数量没有明显增加。自20世纪初以来,混合在新词的形成中起着越来越重要的作用。Simonini(1966)发现,混合词约占英语新词的3%。Algeo(1991)对新词的研究表明,大约5%的词是混合词。在Cook和Stevenson(2010)分析的1186个新词中,约43%是混合词。英语词汇中越来越多的新混合词意味着英语词典中包含了更多这样的词。在最近更新的《牛津英语词典》(OED)中,通过混合形成了shockadvertising、sharent、Xennial和staycation等新词。本文拟对《牛津英语词典》、《柯林斯英语词典》、《韦氏词典》等单语英语词典以及《英汉现代新词词典》、《当代英语新词词典》等双语词典中记录的新混合词进行深入研究。本文将对其中发现的混合词进行分类,并详细讨论《牛津英语词典》等词典中混合词覆盖范围的不足之处。
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A lexicographical approach to neologisms created through blending
Blending has long been regarded as an unproductive word-formation process. “Portmanteau”, a word formed through blending, can be traced back to Lewis Carroll’s Through The Looking-glass, published in 1871, but the earliest words created this way were found to be in use in the late Middle English period and many of them did not survive. The number of blends failed to experience any apparent increase in the several centuries that ensued. Since the beginning of the 20th century, blending has been playing an ever-increasing role in forming neologisms. Simonini (1966) found that blend words comprised approximately 3% of new English words. Algeo’s (1991) research into neologisms revealed that about 5% of the words were blends. Among the 1,186 new words analyzed by Cook and Stevenson (2010), around 43% were blends. The growing number of new blends in the English vocabulary means the inclusion of more such words in English dictionaries. In the recent updates of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), neologisms such as shockvertising, sharenting, Xennial, and staycation are formed through blending. This paper intends to make a thorough research into new blends recorded not only in monolingual English dictionaries such as the OED, Collins English Dictionary, and Merriam-Webster Dictionary but also in bilingual dictionaries such as An English-Chinese Dictionary of Neologisms in Present-day English and A Dictionary of Blends in Contemporary English. The blends found therein will be classified, and the deficiencies in the coverage of blends in dictionaries like the OED will be discussed in detail.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
20.00%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Lexicography was launched in 1988. Interdisciplinary as well as international, it is concerned with all aspects of lexicography, including issues of design, compilation and use, and with dictionaries of all languages, though the chief focus is on dictionaries of the major European languages - monolingual and bilingual, synchronic and diachronic, pedagogical and encyclopedic. The Journal recognizes the vital role of lexicographical theory and research, and of developments in related fields such as computational linguistics, and welcomes contributions in these areas.
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